俄罗斯国家公园建设与管理体系及其对中国的启示

本文回顾了俄罗斯国家公园的发展历史,在重点分析俄罗斯国家公园的管理体系和经验的基础上,探讨其对中国国家公园建设与管理的启示意义。研究发现：（1）俄罗斯国家公园的建设与发展和俄罗斯自然保护区的发展历史密切关联,俄罗斯国家公园的建设与管理大致分为5个阶段;（2）俄罗斯国家公园经过近40年的发展,在法律体系、管理战略、空间管制和社区发展等方面积累了较为丰富的实践经验;（3）建议中国借鉴俄罗斯国家公园管理经验,尽快制定《国家公园法》,实施国家公园管理战略,严格空间管控,完善社区协同发展机制等。

Construction and management of national parks in Russia and their enlightenment to China

Reviewing the development history of Russian national parks, this paper focuses on the analysis of their management system and managerial experiences, and then discusses their enlightenment to the construction and management of national parks in China. The research discovers that: (1) the construction and development of Russian national parks can be generally divided into five stages, which are closely related to the development history of Russian nature reserves. (2) Russian national parks have accumulated rich practical experience in legal system, management strategy, space regulation and community development in the past 40 years. (3) It is suggested that China should learn from Russia regarding the experience of national park management, legislate the National Park Law as soon as possible, implement the national park management strategy, strictly regulate the space, and improve the coordinated mechanism for community development.