绿色产业or黑色产业：旅游业碳排放统计边界的反思与重构

科学界定旅游业碳排放统计边界既是低碳旅游研究的难点,也是制定旅游业碳减排政策与措施的关键。已有研究在统计指标选取上多以借鉴和优化为主,计算结果难以相互佐证。文章基于经济学和法学相关领域溯源,逐一评价了现行统计指标,研究发现：（1）影响旅游业碳排放统计边界的主要因素是研究视角不同、统计口径混用,导致研究结果之间横向不可比,纵向不可加;（2）狭义和广义统计边界的主要区别是后者在污染者付费的基础上兼顾受益者负担原则;（3）基于属地责任原则,外部交通不属于旅游目的地碳源,而应计入广义的统计边界。研究指出：旅游业碳减排措施应明晰责任边界和外部性,兼顾经济收益和环境代价;在边界相对统一的前提下,不同研究对象的碳强度不同,旅游业是否为绿色产业应视具体情况而定。

Green industry or black industry: The reflection and reconstruction of statistical boundary for tourism carbon emissions

To scientifically define the statistical boundary of tourism carbon emissions is not only a challenge for low-carbon tourism research, but also the key to formulate tourism carbon emission reduction policies and measures. Existing studies are based on the adoption and optimization of previous statistical indicators, and the calculation results are difficult to corroborate each other. Informed by the review of economics and law-related fields, the article evaluates the current statistical indicators one by one. The research finds that: (1) The main factors affecting the statistical boundary of tourism carbon emissions are the adoption of different research perspectives and the misuse of statistical calibers, which consequently leads to the research results cannot be compared horizontally and calculated longitudinally. (2) The main difference between the narrow and broad statistical boundaries is that the latter takes into account the principle of beneficiaries bear responsibility while the polluters pay price. (3) Based on the principle of territorial responsibility, external transportation is not a carbon source of tourist destinations whilst it should be included in the broad statistical boundary. The study pointed out that the carbon emission reduction measures of tourism should clarify the boundary of responsibility and the fact of externality, while considering the economic benefits and environmental costs. With a relatively standardized boundary, the carbon intensity varies according to different research objects, and whether the tourism industry is a green industry or not should be determined according to the specific situation.