国家公园旅游发展对周边社区居民生活质量的影响——以黄山风景区为例

旅游发展是国家公园生态价值转化的重要路径与国家公园全民公益性的重要体现,周边社区居民是国家公园体制建设与旅游发展中的核心利益相关者之一,其生活质量影响国家公园生态保护与高质量发展。本文利用黄山风景区门户社区居民调查数据,探讨了处于探索阶段、参与阶段、发展阶段和巩固阶段等不同旅游生命周期阶段的社区居民生活质量差异及其成因。研究表明：（1）不同旅游发展阶段的社区居民生活质量差异显著,居民生活质量随社区旅游发展阶段演进而提升的现象具有滞后效应;（2）居民生计资本对不同旅游发展阶段社区居民生活质量的提升具有差异性;（3）随着社区旅游发展水平的不断提高,人力资本对居民生活质量的提升处于主导地位。

Effects of tourism development of national park on residents’quality of life in adjacent community:A case study in Huangshan National Park

Tourism development is not only a critical path to ecological value transformation, but also an important manifestation of national park’s public welfare. Residents from the adjacent community are one of the core stakeholders of national park system construction and tourism development, and their quality of life influences the ecological conservation and high-quality development of national park. Using the residents’ survey data of Huangshan National Park gateway community, this paper explores the discrepancy of their living quality and its causal factors during four different stages of community tourism development life cycle, i.e., exploration stage, involvement stage, development stage and consolidation stage. The research proves that there are significant differences between community residents’ quality of life in different tourism development stages. The improvement of residents’ quality of life presents a lag effect with the stage evolution. Second, residents’ livelihood capital has different impacts on the improvement of community residents’ quality of life at different tourism development stages. Third, human capital dominates the improvement of residents’ quality of life with the constant improvement of community tourism development.