美国海峡群岛国家公园环境教育实践经验及对中国的启示

海洋海岛类国家公园是中国国家公园体系的重要类型之一,开展环境教育建设对于国家公园公益性的发挥具有重要作用。本文根据美国海峡群岛国家公园的实地考察及资料分析环境教育特点,总结环境教育实践经验,提出对中国海洋海岛国家公园环境教育体系建设的启示。结论如下：（1）海峡群岛国家公园环境教育具有生态系统及景观特殊性、教育场所弱可达性及教育方式多元性。（2）海峡群岛国家公园环境教育体系以教育内容和支撑体系为主体架构,其中教育内容划分为海岸、海岛、沿海（潮间带与泛洪区）、海下区域4类,支撑体系涵盖管理、资金、解说、传播、人才5个方面。（3）中国海洋海岛国家公园环境教育可在统筹管理、解说规划、人才培养等多方面予以借鉴,以探索符合中国国情的海洋海岛国家公园的环境教育建设模式。

Practical experience of environmental education in the Channel Islands National Park and its enlightenment to China

Marine island national park is one of the important types of the national park system in China. Environmental education plays a significant role in the development of the public welfare of national parks. Based on the field investigation and data analysis of the Channel Islands National Park in the USA, this paper summarizes the characteristics of environmental education, clarifies the practical experience, and puts forward insights into the construction of the environmental education system in China’s marine island national parks. The conclusions are as follows: (1) Environmental education in the Channel Islands National Park is characterized by the uniqueness of the ecosystem and landscape, the inaccessibility as education sites, and the diversity of education methods. (2) The environmental education system of the Channel Islands National Park takes the education content and support system as the main structure. The education content includes four spatial areas: coastline, island, intertidal zone, and ocean. The support system covers five aspects: management, capital, interpretation, communication, and talents. (3) The environmental education of marine island national parks in China can be used for reference in terms of overall management, interpretation, and personnel training, to explore the construction mode of environmental education of marine island national parks in accordance with China's national conditions.