新冠疫情对景区依托型安置区失地农户生计的影响——以三清山银湖湾安置区为例

新冠疫情对易地搬迁农户的生计造成了严重影响,对生计方式由农业向旅游服务业转型的景区依托型安置区农户生计的影响尤为显著。本文以三清山风景区的银湖湾安置区为例,分析了安置区农户的生计资本,探讨了新冠疫情对安置区农户生计的影响及其机制,并提出了增强农户生计抗风险能力的若干对策。研究发现：（1）易地搬迁对农户的生计资本产生了较大影响。搬迁后,总体上农户生计资本有所增加,农户的物质资本和金融资本增加明显,自然资本则直接被旅游资本所替代,由此引起相对于旅游业经营而言人力资本的减少;（2）新冠疫情对旅游业的重创直接影响到银湖湾安置区农户的生计,对农户生计的影响面广、影响程度深、潜在影响明显;（3）失地、依赖旅游业、组织化程度低、安置后管委会角色退出等形成了安置区农户生计所处的特定情境,疫情对农户生计的影响程度与此特定情境有直接的关系。本文可为其他类型安置区农户生计的疫情影响研究提供参考,也可为增强易地搬迁农户生计的抗风险能力提供指导。

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the livelihoods of the landless farmers in the scenic area-based resettlement area: Taking the Yinhuwan resettlement area in Mount Sanqing as an example

The COVID-19 pandemic has had serious impacts on the livelihoods of relocated farmers, especially of those in the scenic area-based resettlement areas where their livelihoods have been transformed from agriculture to tourism services. Taking Yinhuwan resettlement area in Mount Sanqing as an example, this paper compared the livelihood capital of farmers in the resettlement area before and after the relocation, analyzed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the livelihoods of farmers in the resettlement area and its mechanism, and proposed countermeasures to enhance the ability of farmers to resist risks. The results show that: (1) the relocation and resettlement brought huge changes in the livelihoods of the relocated farmers. After the relocation, the livelihood capital of the rural households has generally improved, the physical capital and financial capital of the rural households have increased significantly, and the natural capital was directly replaced by the tourism capital, which caused the reduction of human capital in tourism operation. (2) The severe impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the tourism industry directly affected the livelihood of farmers in the Yinhuwan resettlement area. The impact on the livelihoods of farmers was extensive, profound and the potential impact was obvious. (3) Loss of land, dependence on tourism, low level of integration, and the withdrawal of the role of management committee after resettlement have formed a specific context for the livelihoods of farmers in the resettlement area. The impact of the pandemic on the livelihoods of farmers was directly related to this context. This paper provides a reference for the study on the impact of the pandemic on the livelihoods of farmers in other types of resettlement areas and also guides enhancing the resilience of the livelihoods of farmers in resettlement areas.