乡村居民休闲权利的制约因素与协商机制研究——以浙江省为例

共同富裕示范区建设让浙江乡村成为社会瞩目的焦点,也让浙江乡村居民的休闲生活成为了学者们关注的话题。共同富裕不仅是物质富裕,也包括精神富有。乡村居民休闲需求的满足是实现精神富有的重要路径。为深入研究共同富裕背景下如何保障乡村居民的休闲权利,本文基于休闲制约理论,以问卷调查、深度访谈和参与观察为基础,以浙江乡村居民为研究对象,探讨浙江高质量推进共同富裕示范区建设中乡村居民实现休闲权利的制约及其协商机制。研究发现,浙江乡村居民休闲权利的实现受制于个人内在制约、人际间制约和结构性制约,休闲制约在不同群体、个体间具有显著的差异性。为了应对这些制约因素,政府和乡村居民采用了5种应对策略：嵌入式休闲、以文化人、主客和谐共享、出行条件改善和社交型休闲。本文认为,经济、政策、文化、组织和环境等外部条件的不断改善,能够有效激发乡村居民的休闲动机和休闲参与,进而保障乡村居民的休闲权利。本研究对其他地区乡村居民休闲权利的实现具有一定的借鉴价值,为促进乡村居民的精神富有和全面发展提供了可供参考的实践路径。

Research on the constraints of rural residents’ leisure rights and their negotiation mechanism: A case study of Zhejiang Province

The construction of the demonstration zone of common prosperity has drawn intensive attention to the rural areas in Zhejiang, which makes its rural residents’ leisure life a research interest of the academics. Since common prosperity is not only the material affluence but also spiritual enrichment, the satisfaction of rural residents’ leisure needs is a key approach to common prosperity by realizing residents’ spiritual enrichment. In order to better understand the realization of rural residents’ leisure rights in the pursuit of common prosperity, this paper has drawn on the leisure constraints theory to explore Zhejiang rural residents’ leisure constraints and the negotiation mechanism against the background of the construction of common prosperity demonstration area in the province. By adopting the means of questionnaire survey, in-depth interview and participation observation, this paper has found that the realization of rural residents’ leisure rights has been constrained by intrapersonal constraints, interpersonal constraints and structural constraints which have shown discrepancy between groups and individuals. To cope with these leisure constraints, five strategies have been adopted: embedded leisure, educating people with culture, host-guest sharing, improving transportation conditions, and making leisure a socialized scenario. It has been argued that the incessant improvement of the factors of economy, policy, culture, leadership and environment can effectively stimulate rural residents’ leisure motivation and participation so as to safeguard their leisure rights. The findings are also helpful for the realization of rural residents’ leisure rights in other areas and provide some useful exploration in the practice for promoting rural residents’ spiritual affluence and overall development.