Economic development and CO2 emissions: A nonparametric panel approach |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Economics and Trade, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, 510006 Guangzhou, China;2. School of Economics and Management, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, 721013 Baoji, China;3. School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;1. Higher Institute of Industrial Management of Sfax, Tunisia;2. Faculty of Economics and Management, University of Sfax, Tunisia;3. University of Orleans (CNRS, LEO, UMR 7322), Orleans, France;4. Toulouse Business School, France;5. IPAG Lab, IPAG Business School, Paris, France |
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| Abstract: | We examine the empirical relation between CO2 emissions per capita and GDP per capita during the period 1960–1996, using a panel of 100 countries. Relying on the nonparametric poolability test of Baltagi et al. Baltagi, B.H., Hidalgo, J., Li, Q., 1996. A nonparametric test for poolability using panel data, Journal of Econometrics 75, 345–367], we find evidence of structural stability of the relationship. We then specify a nonparametric panel data model with country-specific effects. Estimation results show that this relationship is upward sloping. Nonparametric specification tests do not reject monotonicity but do reject the polynomial functional form which leads to the environmental Kuznets curve in several studies. |
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