促进就业:德国劳动力市场改革

自2003年始,德国推行了一系列劳动力市场改革措施。改革的取向,是放松劳动力市场管制从而增强就业灵活性。为此,德国政治家和经济学人做了大量社会动员工作。在理论上,强调向有关社会市场经济制度的基本思想回返,将就业安全性与灵活性相结合。在政策设计中,对劳动和社会保障管理系统实行去官僚化改造,变革社会救助和失业保险条例,激励失业者从事灵活就业。同时,辅之以对人力资本的大规模公共投资,并以就业目标为导向,在职业培训和中介领域引入竞争机制。在经济整体向好的形势下,德国改革取得了就业形式多样化和失业率下降的成果。这其中的理论和制度创新,值得中国决策者和公众借鉴。

Promoting Employment:Labor Market Reform in Germany

Since 2003 the German labour market has undergone a series of policy reforms.These reforms are so designed to deregulate the labor market that employment flexibility is increased.To this end,German politicians and economists have made considerable effort for mobilizing labour forces.In the theoretical discussions,a strong emphasis is given to return to the basic ideas of the social market economy such that the nexus between employment security and flexibility could be newly defined.With regard to policy des...