非遗扶贫的作用机制、实践困境与路径优化

非物质文化遗产(以下简称“非遗”)与人民群众生产生活密切相关,具有促进就业增收的独特优势,是助力脱贫攻坚的重要方式。本文在分析文化产业扶贫理论内蕴的基础上,剖析非遗扶贫作用机制中存在“外驱力”与“内生力”的关系,“静止本能”与“动态本领”的关系,“输血”与“造血”的关系,探讨了非遗扶贫实践困境,即非遗扶贫理念的非系统性、非遗扶贫制度体系不健全、非遗扶贫创新动力不足。最后以非遗扶贫的现实问题为导向,提出路径优化,即转变非遗扶贫思维,以新发展理念引领非遗扶贫实践;注重顶层设计,建立健全非遗扶贫制度体系;注重产业关联,营造多产业共同扶贫格局。

The Mechanism,Practical Dilemmas and Route Optimization of Poverty Alleviation Through Intangible Cultural Heritage

As a unique advantage to increase employment and income,as well as important means to alleviate poverty, intangible cultural heritage is closely related to People's production and living. This paper is based on the theoretical connotations of the poverty alleviation in cultural industries and analyzes the correlates between the external impetus and the internal one, the static instinct and dynamic ability. It explores the practical dilemmas in poverty alleviation through intangible cultural heritage, namely systematic failures in concepts, imperfect institutional system, lacking of innovation power. Finally, it answers those questions in a reality-oriented way to propose the route optimization that in face of poverty alleviation through intangible cultural heritage. We should change ways of thinking so as to be guided by a new idea for development, emphasize high-level design and the poverty alleviation system must be set up through intangible cultural heritage, enhance the degree of industry conjunction to construct a poverty alleviation pattern with the help of multi-sectoral industry development.