中国农村金融包容性发展水平综合测度分析

基于渗透性、产品接触性和使用效用性三个基本维度构建农村金融包容测度指标体系，采用变异系数法、熵值法和因子分析法分别测算中国30个省份2005-2018年农村金融包容指数，对农村金融包容性发展趋势、存在问题及区域差异进行综合探析。结果表明：三大维度对整体包容性均有重要解释作用，渗透性是基础，产品接触性是关键，使用效用性是核心；观测区间内，中国农村金融包容性整体呈逐年上升趋势，但仍处于较低发展水平；四大区域农村金融包容性呈明显分化格局，东部最高，东北地区略高于中、西部但均位于全国平均水平以下；总体地区差异存在缩小趋势，但可能出现“中部塌陷”问题。因此，有效发挥金融服务需求、供给和监管三方协同作用，对于进一步推进农村金融包容性发展具有重要实践意义。

Comprehensive Measurement and Analysis of Rural Financial Inclusive Development Level in China

Inclusive development of finance is an important way to solve the financing difficulties in rural areas. Although the development concept of Inclusive Finance has been introduced into China at the beginning of this century, the practice of financial inclusive development in rural areas is relatively lagging behind. Based on the data of 30 provinces and municipalities in China, this paper constructed a rural financial inclusion evaluation index system from three basic dimensions: permeability, product contact and utility. Three objective evaluation methods, namely, coefficient of variation method, entropy method and factor analysis method, were used to measure the rural financial inclusion index (RFII). The comprehensive analysis shows that the overall level of inclusive development of rural finance in China is on the rise year by year, but it is still at a low level; There are still a large part of the rural population in China who cannot enjoy the formal financial services; There are obvious differences in the level of rural financial inclusive development in the east, the middle, the west and the northeast. The eastern region is the highest, while the northeast region is slightly higher than the central and western regions, but both are below the national average. However, the regional differences tend to shrink.