Political reforms,rural crises,and land tenure in western Europe |
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| Institution: | 1. INRA, UMR LISAH, 2 place Pierre Viala, F-34060 Montpellier Cedex 1, France;2. GEODE UMR 5602, Maison de la Recherche, Toulouse, France;3. Montpellier SupAgro, UMR LISAH, 2 place Pierre Viala, F-34060 Montpellier Cedex 1, France;4. INRA — US1106 InfoSol, Centre de recherche Val de Loire, CS 40001, F-45075 Orléans Cedex 2, France;5. INRA, UR0272 Science du sol, Centre de recherche Val de Loire, CS 40001, F-45075 Orléans Cedex 2, France;6. INRA, UMR 1069 SAS, 65 rue de St Brieuc, F-35000 Rennes, France;7. AGROCAMPUS OUEST, UMR 1069 Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation, F-35000 Rennes, France;1. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain;2. Institute for Medicines Research (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal |
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| Abstract: | This paper analyzes the origins and causes of the differences and changes in land tenure institutions over more than a century in several western European countries. The analysis shows that differences and changes in land tenure are caused by a combination of economic, institutional, and political factors, including the French Revolution, changes in agricultural profitability, voting rights reforms, etc. Significant changes in land tenure regulations resulted from the combination of both improved political representation of tenants in parliament and a severe economic crisis increasing the pressure for reforms. Empowerment of small tenants and farm workers and increasing their access to and influence on policy-making appears to be an important pre-condition in order to improve their land tenure rights. |
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