城乡征地增值收益分配：农民的反应与均衡路径

研究目的：探索统筹城乡征地增值收益的可操作性措施，减少城乡利益冲突并增加利益互补，推进和谐社会建设。研究方法：问卷调查法、比较借鉴法、逻辑分析法。研究结果：通过对浙江省800位农民的调查，表明不同经济水平、不同年龄阶段、不同教育背景等各类群体农民对征地增值收益分配有不同的反应和需求，但他们对于失地后生活的担忧以及分享增值的要求则是共同的。借鉴美国等发达国家农地转用增值利益分配经验，提出减少城乡冲突、统筹城乡征地增值收益的可操作性途径。研究结论：农民有权参与分配土地转用增值、分享城市化发展成果，分享的比例应在30% — 50%之间。为与现行政策衔接，这30% — 50%的土地转用增值可以通过提高土地补偿费、安置补助费、社会保障补偿费、教育培训费等形式让农民分享，并从中划出一部分补贴新政实施前的被征地农民，确保纵向平衡。

Farmer’s Reaction and Equilibrium of Distributing the Incremental Land Value Arising from Land Expropriation in Urban-rural Fringe

 The purpose of this paper is to explore practical measures for coordinating the distribution of incremental land value arising from land expropriation, reducing urban and rural interest conflicts, ensuring the complementation among different interest groups, and promoting the construction of harmonious society. Methods of questionnaire survey, comparison analysis, and logic analysis were employed. Based on the interviewing with 800 farmers in Zhejiang province, we discovered that farmers with different characteristics, e.g. different income levels, different ages, different educational backgrounds, showed different reactions to the current compensation standard, but the requirements for sharing the incremental land value arising from land expropriation and the worries about their living conditions after the land expropriation were the common issues. Feasible measures were put forward by referring to the experience of distributing revenue of farmland conversion in developed countries, which could help to reduce urban and rural conflicts, coordinate the distribution of incremental land value in land expropriation. It concludes that farmers should have the rights to share the incremental value which arises from land conversion and of which the proportion should be between 30% and 50%. Based on the current land expropriation policy, the 30%-50% proportion of land increased income could be offered to farmers through the items of land compensation, resettlement compensation, social security compensation, and education compensation. In addition, a portion of revenue should be allocated in advance to compensate farmers who have lost their land before the implementation of the new policies, which is for the consistency of policy fairness.