The cereal flour enrichment program in Venezuela: Some results during a decreasing food purchasing power stage |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Centro de Investigaciones Agroalimentarias, CIAAL, and Department of Food Science, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela;2. Centro de Investigaciones Agroalimentarias, CIAAL, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela;1. Departamento de Química Agrícola y Bromatología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación CIAL (CSIC-UAM), C/ Nicolás Cabrera 9, Campus Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain;2. Grupo de Investigación en Química Analítica aplicada a medioambiente, alimentos y fármacos, Departamento de Tecnología Química y Ambiental, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain;1. Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, India;2. HarvestPlus, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA;3. Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, Pune, India;4. Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA;1. Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, University of Goettingen, 37073 Goettingen, Germany;2. Center of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Goettingen, 37073 Goettingen, Germany;1. Friedman School of Nutrition, Tufts University, USA;2. The Fletcher School, Tufts University, USA;3. International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington DC, USA;4. Department of Economics, Tufts University, USA;1. Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, University of Goettingen, 37073 Goettingen, Germany;2. Research and Impact Assessment Division, International Fund for Agricultural Development – IFAD, Via Paolo di Dono 44, 00142 Rome, Italy |
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| Abstract: | This paper is based on partial results of a research project focused on the quantification and characterization of the main changes in diet and nutrition in Venezuela during the period 1970–96. Its aim is to characterize the evolution of the Availability for Human Consumption (AHC) at retail level of five micronutrients (iron, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin and niacin). This characterization will be expressed in terms of levels, patterns and adequacy. These five micronutrients were the object of a cereal flour enrichment program that started in 1993. This program increased the already very high importance of cereals (corn and wheat flours) in the nutrition of Venezuelans and changed the AHC pattern, which had been relatively stable until 1992. In spite of a contraction of food purchasing power (FPP) during the stage 1992–96, growth in the adequacy of availability was observed. The conclusion is that this inverse relationship between these two variables is due to the enrichment program, which allowed significant increases in daily and per capita AHC of each of these five micronutrients despite the fall in availability of energy, protein and calcium. The program helped to compensate significantly for the diminution in AHC of some food groups that are important providers of those micronutrients in the Venezuelan diet. |
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