中国征地补偿制度的经济分析及征地改革建议

研究目的:探索征地补偿制度存在的问题及其改革的方向。研究方法:通过探索征地补偿与农地土地价格的关系,试图回答征地补偿标准高低的问题。对征地补偿制度进行经济分析,结合理论和国际经验探索征地补偿制度改革,提出改革建议。研究结论:(1)《土地管理法》规定的征地补偿标准不一定低于农地的土地价格,特别是在人均耕地面积占有量少的区域和当采用高限的土地补偿倍数和安置补助倍数时;(2)在"一对一"式的征地框架下,单纯提高补偿金难以平息征地中可能产生的种种争议和冲突;(3)"零星式"征地不利于为失地农民提供长期稳定的社会保障;(4)由于土地价值及其增值是由社会和国家(政府)带来的,一方面需要深入研究土地价值的归属,另一方面也要避免过高地补偿征地,过高的征地补偿也会产生(性质不同的)公平问题。笔者就征地改革制度提出建议:(1)"整村"式征地;(2)扩大可征地的范围,变"一对一"式的征地为"一对多"的可能征地关系;(3)改进征地补偿的计算方法,提高征地补偿的公平性;(4)将一次性征地补偿转变为按年支付的社会保险。

Land Requisition in China: Economic Analysis and Policy Recommendation

The purpose of the paper is to solve problems in land acquisition compensation and find ways for improvement.The paper also attempts to answer the question if land acquisition compensation is significantly below what should be by studying the relationship between land requisition and agricultural land price.Based on economic analysis,rent theory and international practice,the paper proposed policy recommendations on land requisition compensation.Primary results reveals that in many cases compensation package for land acquisition may be appropriate and generous and raising compensation level may not be right direction in addressing increasing unwillingness of farmers in land taking.Furthermore,institutional analysis illustrates fundamental problems in land requisition practice.Therefore,it is concluded that land requisition reform should take the following directions:(1) land taking of whole village instead of piece-by-piece land taking;(2) expansion of acquirable farmland so that farmers have freedom or choice whether or not they want to participate in land taking;(3) reformulate calculation of compensation level to ensure fairness;(4) converting lumpy-sum,up-front compensation system to social security so that farmers receive monthly or yearly payment that is adjustable over time.