湖南优势农产品生产县域布局优化研究

农产品比较优势是优化区域农业生产布局的重要依据。文章以湖南省122个县市区为研究单元,选择稻谷、油菜籽、蔬菜、茶叶、柑橘、烟叶、生猪、水产品8种优势农产品,运用主成分分析法,借助DPS数据处理系统,对各县市区2009、2014年优势农产品生产情况进行了排序和分类,研究了区域分布演变情况。结果表明:(1)湖南优势农产品生产各县域间总产、不同种类、不同时期存在明显差异;(2)"十二五"与"十一五"相比,优势区域重心向洞庭湖、湘南地区集中,非优势区域向大湘西、长株潭地区扩散;(3)优势类县市区重点集中在常德、益阳、岳阳、衡阳、永州、长沙6市,次优势类县市区主要分布在湘西、邵阳、怀化、永州、郴州、岳阳6市(州),非优势类县市区主要分布在株洲、长沙、湘潭、郴州、衡阳、永州、邵阳、湘西8市(州)的城区和偏远山区。(4)2014年与优势类、次优势类、非优势类县市区综合得分关联序最大的4个评价指标分别依次为油菜籽、水产品、稻谷、茶叶,生猪、稻谷、蔬菜、水产品,稻谷、生猪、蔬菜、柑橘。提出了湖南优势农产品生产应提升优势类、巩固次优势类、转型非优势类的县域布局优化对策。

LAYOUT OPTIMIZATION OF SUPERIOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS PRODUCTION IN HUNAN

The comparative advantage of agricultural products is an important basis for optimizing the layout of agricultural production.Taking 122 counties of Hunan province as the study unit,this paper selected eight kinds of superior agricultural products (rice,rapeseed,vegetables,tea,citrus,tobacco,pigs,aquatic products),sorted and classified the superior agricultural products in 2009 and 2014,and studied their regional distribution using the principal component analysis method and DPS data processing system.The results showed that:(1) There were significant differences in the total production and types of superior agricultural products production in Hunan;(2) the dominant region concentrated to the Dongting Lake and southern Hunan area,while the non-dominant region distributed to western Hunan and Changzhutan area;(3) The counties with dominant classes were Changde city,Yiyang city,Yueyang city,Hengyang city,Yongzhou city,and Changsha city.The counties with sub-dominant class were mainly in Xiangxi autonomous prefecture,Shaoyang city,Huaihua city,Yongzhou city,Chenzhou city,and Yueyang city.The counties with non-dominant class were mainly in the downtown and mountainous area,such as Zhuzhou city,Changsha city,Xiangtan city,Chenzhou city,Hengyang city,Yongzhou city,Shaoyang city,and Xiangxi autonomous prefecture;(4) The dominant classes were rapeseed,aquatic products,rice,and tea.The sub-dominant classes were pigs,rice,vegetables,aquatic products,and the non-dominant classes were rice,pigs,vegetables,and citrus in 2014.It proposed the layout optimization countermeasures including that the counties with advantage class should enhance the superior agricultural products (rapeseed,aquatic products,tea),the counties with the sub-dominant class should consolidate the superior agricultural products (pigs,rice,vegetables,aquatic products),and counties with the non-dominant class should transform the superior agricultural products production.