我国粮食损失的发生机制与治理举措分析

节粮减损对保障我国粮食安全具有重要意义。在我国粮食需求刚性增长,粮食增产难度不断加大的背景下分析了粮食产后损失现象的发生机制。研究发现,粮食从生产到消费经过农户阶段性储藏、企业储存储、物流运输和加工转化等产业链环节,导致粮食产后损失的主要因素是尚未建立现代化的粮食流通管理体制,粮食加工产业链发育程度低、粮食价格改革滞后、地方政府责任不清等。在此分析的基础上,从建设现代粮食流通体系、改善仓储物流设施,引导企业适度加工、促进副产物综合利用和理顺粮食价格引导居民合理消费等方面提出了治理措施,以减少粮食损失浪费,促进资源的有效利用。

ANALYSIS ON THE MECHANISM AND TREATMENT MEASURES OF GRAIN LOSS

Reducing grain loss has important significance in food security. This paper analyzed the mechanism of food loss under the background of increasing grain production and rigid demand on grain. It found that grain supply chain contained farmer preserve, enterprise storage, logistics transportation, process transformation and other industrial chain from production to consumption. There were four reasons causing grain loss: the modern food distribution management system had not yet been established, food processing industry chain was low, food price reform was lag, and the local government''s responsibility in food security was not clear. Finally, it raised several proposals to reduce the grain loss and guarantee food security, such as constructing modern grain circulation system, improving the storage and logistics facilities, guiding the enterprises to develop appropriate processing technique, promoting the comprehensive utilization of by-products, and reforming the grain price system.