食品安全规制必要性的法经济学分析

从法经济学的视角看,食品安全问题的根源在于食品的品质具有隐蔽性,买卖双方之间存在严重的信息不对称。信息不对称会导致市场交易的负内部性或负外部性,从而使市场失灵;由于法律的不完备性,普通法制度的阻吓效果会被削弱。应创造监管职能,并且将这些职能赋予特定国家机关而非法庭,是对不完备法律引起的威慑失灵问题做出的回应。由特定国家机关对食品安全实施规制,是对市场和法庭的必要补充。

Analysis of the Necessity of Food Safety Regulation in the Perspective of Law and Economics

From the perspective of law and economics, the root of food safety issues lies in hidden quality of food, and serious information asymmetry between buyers and sellers. Asymmetric information will lead to a negative internality or externality of market transactions, so the market will fail; incompleteness of the laws leads to the weakened deterrent effect of common law. The government should charge with the specific state organ regulatory functions rather than the court to respond to deterrence failures caused by incomplete law. The implementation of food safety regulation by the specific state organ is necessary complement to the market and the court.