生产者视角下军民融合技术成果转化关键问题研究——基于知识网络案例分析

军民融合发展已上升为国家战略，在科技领域，军民融合技术成果转化是实现军民融合发展的重要途径。由于军民融合技术的特殊性，现有军民融合技术成果转化效率不高。在现有研究中，鲜有以理论模型为依据，系统解析军民融合技术成果转化全流程核心问题。知识网络模型是分析多要素参与复杂过程的有效方法，可用来分析多要素参与的军民融合技术成果转化过程。基于军民融合技术成果转化涉及的信息、技术、资本、人力、组织和社会环境6个要素，构建军民融合技术成果转化知识网络模型，采用该模型进行案例分析，指出现阶段军民融合技术成果转化存在的问题。研究结论对于推动我国军民融合创新技术成果转化、加快军民融合创新发展具有重要现实意义。

Key Issues in Transformation of Dual-Use Technology Achievements：A Case Analysis Based On Knowledge Network Model

Civil-military integration development is China's national strategy and the transformation of science and technology achievements is an important way to realize civil-military integration development. However, due to the particularity of dual-use technologies, the transformation efficiency is not high. There are some shortcomings in existing research. Firstly, there are rich single or partial studies on dual-use technology transfer, while only a few studies have been conducted to sort out the key issues in the process of dual-use technology transfer in the whole process. Secondly, most studies are from the perspective of enterprises in stead of the perspective of dual-use technology producers such as universities and research institutes. Thirdly, most studies are focused on macroscopic and systematic research on the technology transfer policies of dual-use technology achievements rather than the heterogeneity of dual-use technologies.#br#The study of knowledge networks in the field of management was first originated in Swedish industry in the 1990s. As the research progresses, there are certain commonalities in the scholars' understanding of knowledge networks. Firstly, knowledge networks are connected by elements such as knowledge creation (production) subjects and objects. Secondly, knowledge networks are connected with the external environment in addition to their own interactions. Thirdly, knowledge networks promote knowledge dissemination and transfer through internal structural changes. Based on this, this paper defines knowledge network as the sum of all elements and their interactions formed in knowledge creation, transmission and transfer. Knowledge network is a theoretical model to effectively analyze knowledge flow paths and can be used to study the process of knowledge transfer and transmission. In essence, the dual-use technology achievements transformation involves dual-use technologies dissemination and transfer among universities, research institutions, enterprises and other subjects. Therefore, it is feasible to construct a knowledge network model to analyze the dual-use technology achievements transformation.#br#Based on the combination of six elements, a knowledge network model for the transformation of achievements is constructed, and the model is used for case analysis to illustrate the problems existing in the transformation of achievements. The six elements are as follows. The first is the information element. The biggest obstacle to the transformation of achievements is information asymmetry, and the analysis of information elements mainly refers to the analysis of technical information disclosure and market demand information acquisition and matching from the perspective of technical information mobility. The next is technology elements. The analysis of technological elements needs to start from the properties of dual-use technologies and explore the dilemma of conversion caused by technological factors. The third is the capital element. The capital element provides the operating impetus for dual-use technology achievements transformation. The fourth is the organizational element. As the node of internal coordination and regulation in the dual-use technology achievements transformation, the organizational element is the pivot for the whole process. The fifth is the human resources element. Talent is not only the producer of dual-use technologies, but also an important force to promote the transformation process. The last is the element of social environment. In the model of dual-use technology achievements transformation, the external social environment has an important influence on the transformation efficiency.#br#The following conclusions are drawn. First, although producers actively tap market demand, they lack effective channels and mechanisms to obtain dual-use technology demand information and a platform to disclose scientific research achievements to demanders. Second, due to the different standards and demands of dual-use technology, the industrialization of achievements is difficult. At the same time, technology management is the key problem in dual-use technology achievements transformation. Third, producers face problems such as financing difficulties and shortage of capital at the front end of capital management, and inadequate equity distribution mechanism at the back end of capital management. Fourth, producers should actively innovate in the management of organizations and organizational structures which assume the core pivotal functions for the transformation of results. Fifth, producers often have a strong scientific research team, and need to introduce management talents and achievement transformation talents, so as to build a reasonable talent training mechanism. Sixth, there is a lack of an investment environment and industrial ecology of dual-use technology achievements transformation for investors.#br#