中国绿色技术创新效率异质性环境规制影响与时空跃迁研究

引导环境规制政策对绿色技术创新效率变革产生推动作用，可为经济高质量发展提供重要支撑。将命令控制型、市场激励型与公众参与型环境规制视为不可控制变量，构建动态SBM-DEA模型，考察异质性环境规制对绿色技术创新效率的影响，分析其动态演化特征及时空跃迁路径，揭示考虑和未考虑环境规制影响绿色技术创新效率的时空差异。结果发现：①异质性环境规制对2001-2018年中国绿色技术创新效率具有正向影响，影响作用存在地区差异性；②东部地区环境规制政策可以有效发挥市场机制和公众监督作用，中西部地区环境规制政策可以更好地发挥政府调控作用；③绿色技术创新效率时空演变具有持续优化、空间差异缩小等特征。为推动中国绿色技术创新均衡、高效发展，应重点制定相关策略以缩小南北地区绿色技术创新发展差距。

The Impact of Heterogeneous Environmental Regulations on Green Technology Innovation Efficiency and Its Spatio-Temporal Transition in China

As an emerging field in the new round of industrial revolution and scientific competitiveness, green technological innovation is an important support for China's high-quality economic development. It is conducive to the sustainable economic and social development by guiding the environmental regulation policies to promote the green technology innovation efficiency (GTIE). Compared with the input indicators of labor, capital and material resources, heterogeneous environmental regulation policies are characterized by longer regulation cycle and greater difficulty. Therefore, this study regards heterogeneous environmental regulations comprised of command-and-control, market-based and voluntary as uncontrollable variables, and incorporates them into the theoretical framework of the input-output analysis. The study constructs a slack-based measure-data envelopment analysis (SBM-DEA) model with considering uncontrollable variables from a dynamic framework. It is used to measure the GTIE with /without considering the impact of environmental regulations. Furthermore, this paper reveals the spatio-temporal differences of the GTIE with/without considering environmental regulations by analyzing its dynamic evolution characteristics and spatio-temporal transition path of the GTIE.#br#The impact of heterogeneous environmental regulations on the GTIE and its spatio-temporal transition in China from 2011 to 2018 by using a dynamic SBM-DEA model with considering uncontrollable variables are revealed as follows. (1) Heterogeneous environmental regulations have a positive impact on China's GTIE during 2001-2018, and there is regional heterogeneity in the impact degree. The regulation policy in the eastern region play a more effective role of market mechanism and public supervision. The regulation policy in the central and western regions play a better role of government regulation. Therefore, it is suggested to further strengthen the market-oriented allocation of factors for driving the improvement of the GTIE, eliminate the non-environmentally friendly factors in the process of factor allocation, and form a good internal and external environment for promoting the upgrading of green technology innovation ability. (2) In typical years comprised of 2001, 2005, 2006, 2010, 2011, 2015, 2016 and 2018, the spatio-temporal evolution of the GTIE with/without considering environmental regulations was characterized by the continuous optimization and the narrowing of spatial differences. This is why this paper suggests that the provincial and regional governments should continue to improve the construction of public participation in environmental protection systems, promote the long-term sustainability of the effectiveness of public participation in environmental regulation tools, such as regular disclosure of environmental information and the expanding of the scope of environmental litigation. (3) For improving the balanced and efficient development of green technological innovation in China, it is necessary to formulate relevant strategies to narrow the north-south regional differences of green innovation development. Therefore, policy makers should make reasonable use of the industrial development time difference between the eastern and western regions and between the northern and southern regions to promote green production transformation step by step. In this process, the central region should lead the urban agglomeration to carry out technological collaborative innovation, strengthen the whole process management, reduce pollutant emissions, promote green and clean production of enterprises ，the comprehensive collaborative green transformation ，upgrading of regional industrial structure.#br#The theoretical contribution of this paper is to regard heterogeneous environmental regulations as uncontrollable variables, and construct a dynamic SBM-DEA model with considering uncontrollable variables. The impact of heterogeneous environmental regulations on the GTIE are highlighted. Meanwhile, the practical contribution is to reveal the spatial and temporal differences in the direction and degree of impact of heterogeneous environmental regulations on the GTIE in China. Based on this, the study puts forward the improvement strategy of differentiated technology innovation, environmental regulation strategy and industrial green development strategy. The only two flies in the ointment are that, from the perspective of measurement method, this paper does not open the black box of green technology innovation process; while from the perspective of quantization of measure indicators, some applicant data cannot be identified when using Python to identify and filter patent abstracts to classify them by year and region. Based on these deficiencies, a more in-depth study can be done to divide the process of green technology innovation into a three-stage series structure comprised of green technology development, green technology achievement transformation and environmental governance. Future efforts can be paid to construct a multi-stage dynamic SBM-DEA model with considering uncontrollable variables to improve the accuracy and richness of the measurement results. It is also suggested to make use of platforms to conduct in-depth identification and analysis of unidentifiable texts, such as Aiqicha, Tianyan and SiPO-Patent Search, so as to further improve the statistical quality of green patent data.#br#