技术需求与智能制造技术创新——数字经济的导向性赋能机制

智能制造技术创新是持续推动制造业高质量发展的关键动力。为探究制造业技术需求、数字经济赋能对非市场与市场导向下智能制造技术创新的作用机制,基于技术创新需求拉动理论,引入数字经济赋能构建投入-产出两阶段模型。分析发现,当政府研发补贴较高时,劳动替代需求与智能制造技术创新投入呈倒U型相关,对智能制造研发投入产生挤出效应;以效率提升为主的技术市场需求通过影响企业智能制造技术创新投入,间接推动技术创新产出。有调节的中介模型检验表明,数字经济赋能正向调节市场导向的智能制造技术创新产出,但对非市场导向的技术创新不具赋能作用。在充分利用数字经济发展优势的同时,应依托需求拉动机制开发更多需求侧政策工具,进一步激发智能制造技术创新。

Technological Demand and Intelligent Manufacturing Technology Innovation:the Oriented Empowerment Mechanism of Digital Economy

Intelligent manufacturing technological innovation is the key driving force to continuously promote the high-quality development of manufacturing industry. How to strengthen the intelligent manufacturing technological innovation is an essential theoretical problem to be solved urgently in industrial innovation policy formulation and the integration of digitization and intelligence. Based on the demand pull theory of technological innovation, this paper studies the relationship between the intelligent manufacturing technology demand and the different oriented technological innovation, and deeply analyzes the empowerment mechanism of digital economy on intelligent manufacturing technological innovation. Based on the classical demand pull theory of technological innovation, from the perspective of market orientation and non-market orientation, this paper discusses the impact mechanism of technology demand and digital economy on the input and output of intelligent manufacturing technological innovation under the non-market orientation and the market orientation. The technological demand of intelligent manufacturing is divided into labor substitution demand and efficiency improvement demand and the influence hypotheses of technological demand on input-output is put forward.In the input stage, the relationship between labor substitution demand and intelligent manufacturing technology innovation investment is inverted U-shaped, and the demand for efficiency improvement has a positive impact on the input level. In the output stage, the demand for labor substitution and efficiency improvement has an indirect impact on the output of market oriented and non-market oriented technological innovation by the mediating effect of input. Beside, digital economy has a positive regulatory effect on the influence path between input and market oriented and non-market oriented technological innovation output. Based on the research hypothesis, an input-output two-stage econometric model is constructed to verify the hypotheses. 282 valid samples were collected. The index data sources include public data such as China Labor Statistics Yearbook, China Industrial Statistics Yearbook and digital China Index report, as well as databases such as CSMAR, wind and EPS. The Stata 15.0 statistical analysis software is used to estimate the parameters of econometric model. After verifying the hypotheses, the samples were grouped according to property rights and tested for robustness of the models.The empirical study finds that the demand for efficiency improvement is positively correlated with the input level of intelligent manufacturing technological innovation. The impact of labor substitution demand input is related to government R&D subsidies. In the case of high subsidies, the impact of labor cost on enterprises’ input for intelligent manufacturing technological innovation is not significant. When the subsidies are low, the labor cost is inverted U related to the input for intelligent manufacturing technological innovation, that is, the excessive demand for labor substitution will have a crowding out effect on the input for intelligent manufacturing technology innovation. Between the two stages of input-output, the technological demand for intelligent manufacturing plays a driving role, which is mediated by the enterprises’ input for technological innovation, for the output of intelligent manufacturing technological innovation. Specifically, the hypotheses of mediating mechanism is partially established under the non-market orientation. As a complete mediator, the input of intelligent manufacturing technological innovation only forms the pulling mechanism of efficiency improvement demand on innovation output. However, technological input plays partial mediation under the market orientation. The technological demand for intelligent manufacturing, which includes labor substitution and efficiency improvement, not only forms a pulling effect on the economic benefits of enterprise technological innovation through the mediation of R&D input, but also can directly affect the economic benefits. The test of the moderated mediation model found that digital economy empowerment positively regulates the output of intelligent manufacturing technological innovation under market orientation, but it does not empower non-market oriented technological innovation. The robustness test found that in terms of intelligent manufacturing technological innovation, state-owned enterprises pay more attention to the output of patent achievements and assume more leading role in the development of intelligent manufacturing technology. The technological innovation of non-state-owned enterprises pays more attention to improving the economic benefits of innovation achievements according to the actual market demand of intelligent technology.This study provides theoretical support for policy-making by exploring the influence mechanism of technology demand on intelligent manufacturing technological innovation in the current situation of the relative lack of the intelligent manufacturing innovation policy in demand side. In addition, the orientation characteristics of the digital economy empowerment effect on intelligent manufacturing technological innovation refines the theoretical research on the innovation effect of digital economy.