专利战略情境下企业技术知识基础多元度对创新绩效的影响效应

在当今竞争格局中，专利是技术创新的重要载体，专利战略必然成为企业参与全球竞争的重要手段。通过建立专利战略情境、技术知识基础多元度及知识整合能力对创新绩效的影响效应模型，采用负二项回归法进行实证检验。研究结果显示：企业技术知识基础多元度通过知识整合能力影响创新绩效，而专利申请动机在上述过程中存在显著调节作用。具体为：(1)国际市场开拓、谈判筹码以及声誉动机均负向调节技术知识基础相关多元度与创新绩效关系；(2)阻挡动机、国际市场开拓、谈判筹码以及声誉动机对企业技术知识基础非相关多元度与技术创新绩效关系具有显著负向调节作用；(3)阻挡动机强化了企业技术知识基础相关多元度与技术创新绩效之间的正向关系。

A study of the Impact of Enterprise Technological Knowledge Base Variety on Innovation Performance in the Context of Patent Strategy

With the changing of world competition patterns, strengthening independent innovation capability and controlling the intellectual property rights of innovation output play a key role in long-term survival and development of enterprises. Patent application is an important way for enterprises to protect intercultural property of innovation achievements. With the development of technology and economic, the motivations for enterprises to apply patents have been gradually diversified from the original exclusive motivation. Many scholars believe that the value of patents come from their portfolio rather than the patents themself. It is critical for enterprises to consider more about the development and promotion of patents from the perspective of patent strategy in the economic globalization environment where enterprises' competition advantages rely more on innovation. The diversified motivations of patent application have changed the previous technological innovation process of enterprises. According to the knowledge theory, an innovation is the result of recombination of knowledge elements, so the process of knowledge recombination has be reformed by the patent strategy of enterprises. Previous literature has found the direct influence of variety of knowledge base on technological innovation performance, and tested the mediating role of knowledge integration capability in the relationship between the variety of knowledge base and innovation performance. However, there is little research on the effect of patent strategy on the relationship among the knowledge base and innovation. On the basis of the patent portfolio theory, knowledge-based theory and dynamic capability theory, this study emphatically analyzes the moderating effect of the strategic motivation of enterprise patent application on the relationship between the variety of knowledge base and innovation performance. #br#This paper aims to analyze the influence of the diversified motivation of patent application on the relationship among the variety of knowledge base, knowledge integration capability and innovation performance. Firstly, the 80 sample enterprises are selected according to the firms listed in the ‘list of top 100 Chinese electronic enterprises' and ‘ranking of electronic R&D' for many consecutive years. Secondly, the patent data applied by the 80 electronic enterprises in the patent database of China Intellectual Office from 2009 to 2019 are collected, and all the variables are measured using the patent data. Finally, the hypothesis is verified by the negative binomial regression model.#br#The results show that the related variety of enterprise technological knowledge base has a positive effect on innovation performance, and there is inverted U shaped relationship between the unrelated variety of knowledge base and enterprise innovation performance. Meanwhile the knowledge integration capability plays an mediating role in the relationship between the related and uncorrelated variety of technological knowledge base and innovation performance. The moderating effects of the strategy motivation of enterprises' patent application are analyzed from four aspects: blocking opponents, international market development, increasing negotiation chips and establishing a reputation. The regression results show that international market development, increasing negotiation chips and establishing a reputation negatively moderate the relationship among the variety of knowledge base and innovation performance. While the inverted U shape relationship between unrelated variety and innovation performance is weakened by the four motivations of patent application strategy,it is also found that the blocking opponent has a positively moderating effect on the relationship between the variety of knowledge base and the innovation performance of enterprises. #br#In the current situation where the strategic trend of enterprises' patent application is becoming more and more obvious, the relationship among the related and unrelated variety of knowledge base and innovation performance has been changed significantly. The results of this paper reveal that the diversified motivations of patent application can change the relationship among the variety of knowledge base and innovation performance, which expands the research literature on the influence of the knowledge base on the enterprises innovation performance. Then, the research results suggest that the enterprises' practitioners should carry out innovation activities according to its own technological knowledge base. In addition, for different purposes of patent strategy, enterprises need to adjust the allocation proportion of technological resources in order to maintain a high level of innovation output. Moreover it is beneficial for enterprises to pay more attention to relevant technology fields when the enterprises encounter obstruction in patent application.#br#