智能网联汽车跨国技术合作网络结构特征与驱动机制研究

智能网联汽车技术研发具有高度复杂性和不确定性,跨国技术合作创新成为各国实现技术突破与引领的战略选择。运用社会网络分析方法和二次指派程序模型,以33023项专利为基础,探讨2006—2018年全球智能网联汽车跨国技术合作网络结构特征与驱动机制。结果表明,从技术发展萌芽期到成长期,参与智能网联汽车技术合作的国家数呈快速增长态势,但整体合作网络还不够完整和规范。美国是智能网联汽车跨国技术合作网络的集线器和枢纽,以美国、德国为首的传统科技强国在网络中占据绝对中心地位,网络具有明显的核心—边缘结构。块模型结果表明,智能网联汽车技术合作模式以核心国为中心,由核心国和强半边缘国主导。技术邻近性、社会邻近性、政策强度是智能网联汽车跨国技术合作网络演化的主要驱动力,正向影响跨国技术合作关系演化。地理距离与制度距离在智能网联汽车技术合作中的作用随时间推移变得不显著。智能网联汽车跨国技术合作网络驱动因素存在发展阶段、区域以及不同政策强度组合的“三维”异质性特征。各国应以更加开放的态度参与智能网联汽车技术研发合作,高度重视相关法规政策设计与实施,以实现国际技术合作创新与突破,推动全球传统汽车产业向智能化转型。

The Structure Characteristics and Driving Mechanism of Intelligent Connected Vehicle's Transnational Technical Cooperation Network

Intelligent connected vehicle technology is the frontier field and disruptive technology. Compared with traditional technologies, it has a high degree of complexity and uncertainty in their research and development process, therefore it relies more on external resources for collaborative innovation. Since intelligent connected vehicle technology is a frontier technology in global competition, what are the structural characteristics of collaborative innovation in intelligent connected vehicle technology? What is the internal driving mechanism? It has important theoretical and practical significance for realizing the intelligent transformation of the automobile industry by exploring the above questions.#br#Drawing on the global intelligent connected vehicle patent cooperation data from 2006 to 2018, this paper constructs the intelligent connected vehicle multinational technology cooperation network matrix. On this basis, the social network analysis method and the quadratic assignment procedure (QAP) are used to demonstrate the topological structure characteristics and driving mechanism of the intelligent connected vehicle's transnational technical cooperation network. The marginal contributions of this paper are mainly reflected in the following aspects. First, the existing multinational cooperation network research focuses on solar technology and nanotechnology, and mainly reveal the driving mechanism of cooperation networks from the perspective of multi-dimensional proximity, and lack of attention to the impact of government policy support.While this paper focuses on the field of intelligent networked vehicles. and specifically examines the driving role of policy support intensity. Moreover, considering the stages, regions and different combinations of policy strengths in the evolution of the cooperation network, the heterogeneity characteristics of the intelligent connected vehicle's transnational technical cooperation network are discussed from the above dimensions.#br#On the basis ofthe analysis, this study has the following findings. (1) From the start-up stage to the growth stage of technological development, the number of countries participating in the technical cooperation of intelligent connected vehicles is increasing rapidly, but the overall cooperation network is not yet complete and standardized. (2) The United States is the hub of the cooperation network. The traditional technological powers led by the United States and Germany occupies an absolute central position in the intelligent connected vehicle's technology cooperation network, and the network has an obvious core-periphery structure. (3) Block model results indicate that the pattern of global intelligent connected vehicle technological cooperation centers on core countries and is led by core countries and strong semi-peripheral countries. (4) Technological proximity, social proximity and policy intensity are the main driving forces of the evolution of transnational technology cooperation network of intelligent connected vehicles, which positively affect the evolution of transnational technology cooperation relationship. With the passage of time, the effect of geographical distance and institutional distance on the technical cooperation of intelligent and connected vehicles becomes insignificant. (5) The driving factors of the intelligent connected vehicle transnational technical cooperation network have the characteristics of heterogeneity in the three dimensions of development stage, region and policy intensity. (6) There is particularity in the driving mechanism of transnational technical cooperation of intelligent connected vehicle, that is, the state needs to offer policy support to help enterprises reduce R & D risks, provide favorable policy guarantee and promote the breakthrough of technical cooperation and innovation.#br#The above findings indicate that a more open attitude is expected in the participation in the R&D cooperation of intelligent connected vehicle technology. It is essential strengthen technical cooperation with the core countries of the network and accelerate the diffusion of global intelligent connected vehicle technology. Besides, the government should also increase the intensity of policy support and provide enterprises with more funds, regulations and institutional support and guarantee, so that enterprises are more likely to overcome the obstacles of innovation and achieve technological breakthroughs through independent innovation and transnational technological cooperation innovation. The governments should also promote technological cooperation and innovation in the field of intelligent networked vehicles within continents, and actively guide technological cooperation and innovation across continents to promote the diffusion of cutting-edge technologies. This research focuses on the technical cooperation of intelligent networked vehicles at the national level. In the future, it can be extended to the regional and enterprise levels to systematically describe the technical cooperation of intelligent networked vehicles at different levels.#br#