数字经济下三线军工企业数字化转型路径选择机制研究

数字经济给我国企业发展带来机遇和挑战，尤其对我国三线军工企业数字化转型具有重要理论意义和实践价值。以41家三线军工企业为研究对象，基于路径依赖和技术轨道等理论，运用模糊集定性比较分析方法（fsQCA），探讨企业产权属性、企业规模和创立年限等因素对我国三线军工企业数字化转型路径选择的复杂作用机制。结果表明：在前中后全产业转型路径中，企业规模是核心条件，企业产权性质为中央企业、良好创新环境以及高技术发展程度为不可或缺的条件；在数字化平台转型路径中，中低技术发展程度的小规模非中央企业若处于良好创新环境中则会选择数字化平台转型；在产品服务转型路径中，产权性质、企业规模和创新环境存在可替代性，中低技术发展程度的三线军工企业倾向于选择产品服务类转型路径。结论可为我国三线军工企业实现数字化战略转型提供理论支撑和实践指导。

The Path Selection Mechanism for Digital Transformation of Third-tier Military Enterprises in the Digital Economy

Digital economy is highly stressed and it was required to "promote digital industrialization and industrial digitization, promote the deep integration of the digital economy and the substantial economy, and create an internationally competitive digital industry cluster". The third-line military enterprises are a group of national defense industry scientific research and production units that have been relocated to the central and western regions. They have improved national productivity pattern and promoted the economic development of the central and western regions. The research on the digital transformation of the third-tier military enterprises can fundamentally improve the level of national digital economy and contribute to the successful implementation of the Western Development Strategy. #br#This paper adopts the qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) method. The sample size of this study is moderate, and the cases cover various third-tier military enterprises. Considering that there may be multiple equivalent combinations to achieve transformation paths in the research process, this study takes the qualitative comparative analysis method (fsQCA) of fuzzy sets. Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) case selection follows the two basic principles of "maximum similarity" and "maximum difference", so researchers are required to select typical and representative case samples. The case companies in this article are selected from the list of "Typical Cases of Digital Transformation of State-owned Enterprises in 2020" and "Science and Technology Reform Demonstration Enterprises" issued by the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council. A total of 41 representative cases related to third-tier military enterprises were selected. The selection of cases follows the following principles. First, the case enterprises are related to the third-tier military enterprises, and the enterprises themselves are developed from the third-tier military enterprises, or merged, reorganized or newly built enterprises with the attributes of the third-tier military enterprises. Second, the case companies should have made many attempts in digital transformation, and have reference value after the representative research of the region or industry. Third, enterprises are in different positions in the industry, with enterprise cases of different technical degrees. Fourth, according to the innovation and entrepreneurship index, case companies with relatively large environmental differences are selected. The innovation and entrepreneurship index is derived from the China Innovation and Entrepreneurship Regional Index.#br#The digital transformation framework is established based on the collected data and theory, and the anchor points required for data calibration are obtained by preprocessing the data. First we calibrate the data according to the selected anchor point, convert the data into a membership score between 0 and 1, and convert it into a set concept required for software analysis; then we perform a necessary condition analysis to test whether the result set is a set of conditions. It is found that each antecedent variable cannot be considered as a necessary condition to promote the success of digital transformation of third-tier military enterprises, and each enterprise has its own way of promoting the success of digital transformation. Therefore, the five antecedent variables are all third-tier military enterprises. It is a non-essential condition for the digital transformation of military enterprises. Finally, the configuration analysis is carried out. This paper determines that the consistency threshold is 0.75, and the frequency threshold is 1. The truth table analysis in QCA software is used to analyze the data, and enterprises’ names are used to display the combined results to obtain the true value. We generate complex solutions, intermediate solutions and simple solutions through standard analysis, combine the simple solutions and intermediate solutions to classify the conditions and build a conditional configuration analysis table.#br#From the comprehensive analysis of the results of the intermediate solutions and simple solutions, it is found that under different combinations of conditions there are five paths realizing the digital transformation of third-tier military enterprises.#br#This paper summarizes three types of digital transformation paths for third-tier military industrial enterprises from the five paths: front, middle, and rear industry transformation paths, digital platform transformation paths, and product service transformation paths. From the micro-level influencing factors and actual cases, it analyzes how the third-tier military enterprises choose the digital transformation path in specific situations, and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions from the aspects of top-level design, organizational system, industry standards and business model innovation according to the actual situation of the case. The study enriches the research on the digital transformation path of China's third-line military enterprises in the digital economy.#br#