基础研究动态社团演化规律研究

从社团演化入手，构建基础研究动态社团演化分析框架，揭示基础研究科技人才队伍发展规律。首先，构建基础研究动态科研合作网络，运用派系过滤算法提取静态社团，基于社会分层理论与帕累托原则改进即时最优法，揭示关键学者在动态社团识别中的作用；其次，改进动态社团生命周期模型，增加稳定事件以更好地描述动态社团演化活跃度；再次，基于系统理论与竞合理论，从结构、演化和产出3个方面提取16个动态社团演化特征要素，并将其划分为规模与数量、产出与速度、竞合与活跃性、发展与延续性4部分，分析动态社团演化规律。基于以上研究，以集成电路领域为案例，比较中美前沿领域基础研究动态社团发展现状，并给出我国基础研究管理与人才培养的对策建议。

The Evolution Model of Basic Research Dynamic Communities

Solid basic research is an inevitable requirement for scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement, and to strengthen basic research, it is necessary to highlight the key points and condense the practical scientific problems in China's social and economic development from the two angles of application traction and bottleneck breakthrough. To this end, the "14th Five-Year Plan" clearly points out the frontier fields of high-tech development such as artificial intelligence, quantum information, integrated circuits, and aerospace technology. It is the natural function for basic research to cultivate talents. Compared with the uncertainty of scientific research achievements in these frontier fields, talents and dynamic scientific communities are more important in promoting the long-term development of China’s basic research. For example, the STEM program of the United States is aimed at attracting high-end science and engineering talents, the Japanese specific skills talent program, etc. are emphasizing the importance of cutting-edge talent and dynamic communities as well as the Japanese specific skills talent program, etc. All of these programs emphasize the importance of cutting-edge talent and dynamic communities. Because of the social public goods attributes of basic research, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) has become the main channel for basic research funding in China. Since the establishment of the NSFC in the 1980s, China's basic research has achieved a series of phased results. It is the key issue of public concern to find out the existing results and targeted basic research transformation and to promote the frontier field of independent control.#br#From the perspective of dynamic community, this study explores the development rules of scientific and technological talents in basic research based on the published data of the NSFC in China and National Science Foundation (NSF) in the United States. A basic research dynamic community evolution analysis framework is proposed in this article. With this framework we analyze the development law of basic research talents from multiple aspects. Firstly, this article builds a basic research dynamic scientific collaboration network, uses the CPM algorithm to extract static academic communities, improves the instant-optimal method based on the social stratification theory and the Pareto principle, and improves the role of key scientists in the identification of dynamic communities. Secondly, this paper improves the dynamic community life cycle model and adds stable events to better describe the activity of dynamic community’s evolution. Thirdly, based on the system theory and the co-opetition theory, this paper extracts 16 indicators of dynamic community evolution from the three aspects of structure, evolution and output, and classifies the indicators into four aspects including scale and quantity, output and speed, competition and cooperation and activity, evolution and development continuity. With these 16 indicators and the integrated circuit research field as a case study, we analyze the law of evolution of dynamic communities. #br#It is found that the evolution of basic research dynamic communities in the United States is characterized by a mature development mode. China started late in the dynamic community research, but it is catching up fast and surpassed gradually with the United States in three stages as a surpass mode. Additionally, the dynamic communities of China’s basic research have a generally longer growth period, larger size and active cooperation of scientific research and development power. But China’s basic research scientific communities is embodied with the characteristics of large output, high speed, low quality and low cost.#br#According to the research results, four suggestions are proposed to ensure the healthy and sustainable development of basic research in China. The first is to increase investment in scientific research, and combine the layout of key fields with the layout of disciplines. The second is to respect the uncertainty of the path of basic research, create a cultural atmosphere that tolerates failure, and meet the time requirement of in-depth exploration. Thirdly, we should pay attention to the training of basic research personnel and the development of scientific and technological personnel. Fourthly, for the basic research fields closely related to applications, such as integrated circuits , we should make use of the market and the company's scientific research strength to improve the industrial conversion efficiency of basic research achievements as soon as possible.#br#