高科技企业离职员工创业机会创新性的影响机制研究——基于模糊集定性比较分析

高科技企业离职员工创业成为数字经济时代的普遍现象，现有研究大多关注离职员工为何离职创业，而忽略了对离职创业结果的探究。聚焦于离职员工创业机会创新性，以华为26个离职创业样本为研究对象，应用组态思维整合文化情境和个体特征两个层面因素，探究创业机会创新性背后多重条件间的复杂互动本质。研究发现：文化情境与个体特征因素联动匹配影响创业机会创新性的实现；影响高-低创业机会创新性的路径呈现差异性，高创业机会创新性的影响模式为创业自信驱动型、知识能力主导型与个体-组织协同型，低创业机会创新性的影响模式为过度自信触发型与创业特质缺乏型。

The Influence Mechanism of Newness of Entrepreneurial Opportunity of Departed Employees in High-tech Enterprises：a Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis Based on Configuration Perspective

It is the core of sustainable growth to recognize and exploit the newness of entrepreneurial opportunity for the departed employees in high-tech enterprises. In the digital economy, it is a common phenomenon for the employees in high-tech enterprises quit to start their own businesses. As knowledge-equipped talents, employees in high-tech enterprises have a strong sense of innovation and are willing to handle challenging work. Meanwhile, they may realize the role transformation from migrant workers to entrepreneurs in a complex dynamic environment. Departed employees in high-tech enterprises hope to create value to achieve entrepreneurial success by pursuing new opportunities. However when confronted with high uncertainty and resource scarcity in practice, they tent to choose entrepreneurial opportunities with lower newness to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. Besides, existing researches mainly focus on why employees quit to entrepreneurship but ignore the results of quitting to launch a business. It has become a key issue for departed employees in high-tech enterprises to realize entrepreneurial opportunities with high newness.This paper centers around the entrepreneurial activities of departed employees in high-tech enterprises and adopts a cross-level analysis to explore the impact pathways of the newness of entrepreneurial opportunity. Focusing on the newness of entrepreneurial opportunity of departed employees, this paper takes 26 samples of departed entrepreneurs from Huawei as the research object. It applies configurational thinking and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis to integrate five factors including previous experience, relationship network, self-efficacy at the level of individual characteristics and masculinity, uncertainty avoidance at the level of cultural context and explore the complex interaction nature of multiple conditions behind the newness of entrepreneurial opportunity.This paper argues that the influence mechanism of the newness of entrepreneurial opportunity of departed employees in high-tech enterprises is a concurrent mechanism of multi-factorial combination, and the interactive matching of cultural context and individual characteristics influence the newness of entrepreneurial opportunity. It further emphasizes that the pathways of high and non-high-newness of entrepreneurial opportunities are different. The influence patterns of high newness of entrepreneurial opportunity are entrepreneurial confidence driven, knowledge and capability oriented, individual and organization collaborative. And the influence patterns of low newness of entrepreneurial opportunity are overconfidence triggered, entrepreneurial trait deficiency. It is worth noted that good individual characteristics appear in the three types of pathways with high newness of entrepreneurial opportunity, while the inhibition effect of poor individual characteristics on the newness of entrepreneurial opportunity is also significantly reflected. Therefore, as the core of the overall quality of the departed employees, individual characteristics affect the analysis of entrepreneurial environment and the newness of entrepreneurial opportunity. In addition, the paper suggests that there is a causal asymmetry in the driving mechanism for the newness of entrepreneurial opportunity of departed employees in high-tech enterprises, therefore the cause of non-high-newness of entrepreneurial opportunity cannot be directly deduced from the opposite of high newness of entrepreneurial opportunity.The theoretical value of this paper is reflected in three aspects. Firstly, it applies configurational thinking to integrate the factors of cultural context and individual characteristics and explores the complex interaction nature of multiple conditions behind the newness of entrepreneurial opportunity, which enriches the relevant research on the influence mechanism of entrepreneurial opportunity newness on departed employees in high-tech enterprises. Secondly, this paper expands the research on entrepreneurship of the departed employees by analyzing the influence mechanism of different levels of cultural context and the individual characteristics of entrepreneurial opportunity newness . Thirdly, from the configurational perspective, this paper applies the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis method to find causal asymmetry in the driving mechanism for the newness of entrepreneurial opportunity, which fully demonstrates the advantage of the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis method in explaining the relationship between various elements in the configuration. The research results also have instructive significance for the departed employees and parent enterprises in practice. For the departed employees, they need to integrate the influencing factors at the level of cultural context and individual characteristics, comprehensively analyze various information and knowledge, evaluate the newness of entrepreneurial opportunity to obtain objective decision-making results; for the parent enterprises, they can create an amiable working atmosphere for the employees to ignite their passion for work.