共生视角下技术主导型与市场主导型创新生态系统价值共创组态路径研究

创新生态系统作为实现价值共创的重要载体，受到学界和实业界广泛关注。技术主导型与市场主导型创新生态系统价值主张不同，资源配置与协同合作方式也不同，导致价值共创实现路径存在显著差异。依据共生理论主体—网络—环境研究框架，构建技术主导型与市场主导型创新生态系统价值共创路径组态模型。以7家核心企业及创新合作伙伴为案例分析对象，采用fsQCA方法探究两类创新生态系统价值共创实现路径。研究发现：第一，两类创新生态系统价值共创实现路径各有2条，核心条件不同，条件之间的匹配关系也不同。第二，两类创新生态系统价值共创实现路径具有通用型特征，受主体创新能力、创新网络嵌入与数字环境3个层面耦合作用的影响。第三，无论是技术主导型还是市场主导型创新生态系统，参与者创新能力均作为必要条件出现，成为价值共创的重要影响因素。基于价值主张异质性视角探究技术主导型与市场主导型创新生态系统价值共创路径差异，有利于深化对创新生态系统价值共创的理解与认知，为企业基于不同价值主张实施价值共创策略提供理论依据。

Research on the Configuration Path of Value Co-creation of Technology-orientated and Market-orientated Innovation Ecosystem from the Perspective of Symbiosis

Nowadays reverse globalization prevails coupling with the impact of COVID-19 on the global industrial chain. The highly uncertain international market environment has brought severe tests to the development of firms. In such a chaotic and changeable global market environment, it is the key way for firms to break through environmental constraints and achieve "common prosperity" by widely connecting partners to jointly build an innovation ecosystem, resist external risks and create value together. Then, under the pressure of the external environment, what value co-creation path will the innovation ecosystem based on different value propositions take? #br#This paper is based on the symbiosis theory, extracts the core factors affecting value co-creation from the three levels of micro innovation actors, meso innovation network and macro innovation environment. It constructs the configuration model of value co-creation of the innovation ecosystem. Taking 7 core firms and their innovation partners as the cases, the study uses the fsQCA method to carry out configuration analysis and reveal the mechanism path of technology-orientated and market-orientated value co-creation in the innovation ecosystem.#br#The results show that firstly technology-orientated innovation ecosystem emphasizes that leaders and actors should have innovation ability, especially the innovation ability of leaders is more important. At the same time, leaders and actors need to have a good cooperative relationship. In the innovation ecosystem with technological breakthrough as the core value goal, we should pay attention to cultivating innovation ability, selecting and equipping actors with innovation ability, constantly enhancing internal cohesion, building a community with a scientific future, and promoting the joint creation of technological value. Meanwhile we can rely on the digital environment and external innovation networks to obtain innovation resources, but the co-creation of technological value ultimately mainly depends on the endogenous power of the innovation actors. Secondly, the market-oriented innovation ecosystem emphasizes that the realization of market value co-creation requires a good market environment and the digital environment, especially the digital environment plays an important role. It can be seen that the value co-creation of the market-oriented innovation ecosystem mainly depends on exogenous power. Core firms need to focus on increasing the scale and viscosity of innovation network and realize value co-creation by integrating external resources, expanding the scope of cooperation with the network effect. Meanwhile, we can promote the co-creation of market value by increasing innovation cooperation and interaction and improving the investment degree of actors. Thirdly, for both market-oriented and market-oriented innovation, ecosystem value co-creation is organizational behavior and model of multi-agent, multi-dimensional, cross-level mutually beneficial symbiosis and integrated symbiosis. In the process of creating ecosystem value, firms should not only focus on the formulation of ecosystem value strategies but also pay attention to the realization of ecosystem value. Fourthly, the digital environment has become an innovative environment that can not be ignored for policymakers. There is a high level of technology and market value creation in the cases of regions with high-level digital environments. Therefore, government departments should optimize the construction of digital infrastructure according to the actual situation of regional development, focusing on cultivating digital technology as an important market element.#br#Compared with previous studies in which the realization mechanism of value co-creation of innovation ecosystem formed by different value propositions has not been further explored, this study distinguishes between technology-orientated and market-oriented innovation ecosystem based on the heterogeneity of the core value proposition of innovation ecosystem. It expands the understanding and cognition of value co-creation of innovation ecosystem under two different value propositions of technology orientation and market orientation and also lays a research foundation for further exploring heterogeneous innovation ecosystem in future research. Secondly, the existing research on value co-creation of the innovation ecosystem is mostly based on the analysis of single-level perspectives, such as innovation subject and innovation network, and most of them employ case anecdotes of theoretical reasoning. Based on the symbiotic theoretical analysis framework of innovation ecology, this paper integrates six subordinate conditions of three levels: micro innovation subject, meso innovation network and macro innovation environment, and constructs a configuration analysis model. Thirdly, there is a lack of consideration of the heterogeneity innovation ecosystem in previous studies. This study uses the fsQCA analysis method to identify the antecedent conditions and clarify the necessity and importance of these antecedent conditions from different levels in the value co-creation of the two types of innovation ecosystems.#br#