国有企业上游垄断对地区创新能力的影响——营商环境的调节作用

上游垄断-下游竞争的产业链格局对地区创新能力具有显著影响。采用2008-2017年省际面板数据，基于产业链视角，实证分析国有企业上游垄断对地区创新能力的影响，探究营商环境在该过程中的调节作用。研究表明，国有企业上游垄断会抑制地区创新能力，通过提升营商环境中的市场化能力，促进非国有经济发展以及要素市场发育可以缓解这种抑制作用；进一步研究发现，地区、劳动力配置以及行政垄断程度对上述影响具有异质性。

Research on the Influence of Upstream Monopoly of State-owned Enterprises on Regional Innovation Capability:A Test of Regulatory Effect Based on Business Environment

The construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era with the basic feature of high-quality development driven by innovation. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee focused on the important role of innovation ability in economic and social development. In the background of complex international situation, the sustainable development of China's economy must rely on endogenous growth, and innovation is the key factor to promote the formation of the "dual circulation" development pattern. State-owned enterprises have high hopes in driving economic development. It shall have a vital impact whether they can break through the shackles of multiple systems and vigorously improve their innovation ability.#br#From the perspective of industrial chain, state-owned enterprises are more concentrated in upstream industries, such as natural gas and oil, and mostly in a monopoly pattern. The monopoly of state-owned enterprises in upstream industries is possible to damage the total social welfare, hinder fair market competition, reduce production efficiency, and may have a negative effect on the improvement of regional innovation ability. The monopoly of state-owned enterprises in upstream industries may also affect the innovation level and innovation intensity of downstream industries through the price and quality of raw materials and intermediate products, which is not conducive to the improvement of regional innovation ability. In addition, the state-owned enterprises with monopoly position in upstream industries is also easy to ignore the personalized characteristics of different demanders, so as to reduce the technological innovation on the supply side. Optimization of business environment is conducive to innovation, it can improve the market environment, the development level of non-state-owned economy and the factor market environment of a region. Therefore, it is of great significance to further comb and seriously analyse the conflict mechanism between the monopoly reality of state-owned enterprises in upstream industries and the improvement of regional innovation ability, and investigate the role mechanism of business environment, for it can not only enrich the existing research perspective and content, but also has important practical significance, and can provide effective suggestions for improving regional innovation ability.#br#This paper uses provincial panel data for empirical test. The time span is from 2008-2017. Due to the availability of data, the main analysis objects are the 26 provinces except Hainan, Jilin, Shanghai, Tibet and Yunnan. The data sources include China Statistical Yearbook, China Industrial Statistical Yearbook, China Science and Technology Statistical Yearbook and the Fourth National Economic Census and Wind Database. The explanatory variable of this paper is regional innovation ability, i.e. the upstream monopoly degree of regional state-owned enterprises, and the control variables include full-time equivalent of R&D personnel, economic development level, industrial structure, urbanization level and foreign investment level. In order to analyze the role of the business environment, Marketization Index of China′s Provinces are introduced to measure the regional business environment. This paper uses panel model for benchmark test with the aim of testing the impact of upstream monopoly degree of state-owned enterprises on regional innovation level, and a regulatory effect model is constructed to test the role of business environment.#br#The results show that the upstream monopoly of state-owned enterprises inhibit the regional innovation ability, that is, the higher the degree of upstream monopoly of state-owned enterprises, the weaker the regional innovation ability. The empirical test results based on the regulatory effect of business environment show that optimizing business environment can alleviate the inhibitory effect of upstream monopoly of state-owned enterprises on regional innovation ability. The improvement of marketization level in the business environment, the development of non-state-owned economy and the development of factor market are conducive to the improvement of regional innovation ability, and play a regulatory role in the impact of upstream monopoly of state-owned enterprises on regional innovation ability.#br#For deeper analysis, this paper examines the heterogeneity of innovation ability in areas affected by upstream monopoly of state-owned enterprises from three aspects: geographical characteristics, factor allocation and government role. The results show that for regions with different characteristics, the inhibitory effect of upstream monopoly of state-owned enterprises on regional innovation ability is heterogeneous. Through the above theoretical and empirical analysis, this paper has the following innovations.Firstly, from the perspective of meso level, this paper analyzes the impact of upstream monopoly of state-owned enterprises at the provincial level on regional innovation ability. Secondly, the business environment is included in the analysis of the innovation ability of the areas affected by the upstream monopoly of state-owned enterprises, and its mechanism is studied in detail. Thirdly, it analyses the heterogeneous impact of upstream monopoly of state-owned enterprises on regional innovation ability from the three levels of physical geography, market and government so that it enriches the existing research. We suggest to reduce the proportion of upstream monopoly of regional state-owned enterprises, encourage the development of non-state-owned economy and optimize the regional business environment so as to to promote the improvement of regional innovation ability and accelerate the formation of dual circulation pattern.#br#