智能服务赋能创新型城市群建设路径研究——实体与虚拟产业集聚视角

从实体集聚与虚拟集聚双重理论视角，基于2011—2019年我国271个城市面板数据，运用门槛面板模型和中介效应模型，实证分析智能服务水平对区域创新绩效的影响及作用机制。研究结果表明：智能服务水平提升对区域创新绩效的广度和深度具有正向影响；受网络外部性影响，智能服务水平与区域创新数量呈“U型”单门槛特征，与区域创新质量呈先降后边际效应递增的双门槛特征；智能服务通过降低实体集聚要素流动的拥塞效应、增强虚拟集聚要素流动的溢出效应提升区域创新绩效。通过区域异质性分析发现，相比中西部地区、外围城市以及其它城市群，智能服务对区域创新绩效的积极效应在东部地区、中心城市以及京津冀、长三角、成渝和长江中游城市群更显著。

The Construction Path of Smart Services Enabling Innovative Urban Agglomeration: from the Perspective of Physical and Virtual Industrial Agglomeration

Nowadays, China's urbanization development has been changing from decentralized development model of small and medium-sized cities to the development model of innovative urban agglomeration centered on core cities. The smart service capabilities based on artificial intelligence technology have become the new driving force for cities to gain new regional competitive advantages. However, the overall innovation level of China's urban agglomeration is facing many bottlenecks such as the low level of investment, technology innovation and talents, which seriously restrict the coordinated development of regions. In this context, it is particularly urgent to explore the optimal path for the integrated development of urban agglomerations oriented to the innovation-driven development strategy. At the same time, the new generation of information technology has broken the limitations of physical space and promotes the transformation of industrial agglomeration from geographical agglomeration model to virtual agglomeration model centered on real-time data and information exchange, forming the dual industrial agglomeration model in which virtual agglomeration and geographical agglomeration coexist. Existing research has confirmed the important role of geographical agglomeration and virtual agglomeration in promoting regional innovation. However, most studies only examine the impact from a single perspective, and explore the impact of smart services on regional innovation without the consideration of the differences between physical agglomeration and virtual agglomeration. Therefore, this paper builds the theoretical framework from the perspective of dual industrial agglomeration to explore the construction path of smart service enabling innovative urban agglomerations and analyze the differential impact mechanism of dual industrial agglomeration on the relationship between smart services and regional innovation.#br#This paper selected the panel data of Chinese 271 cities from 2011 to 2019 as the sample and constructed a Chinese Regional Smart Service Development Index based on the three-dimensional data sources of regions, industries and enterprises. Then it empirically examined the impact of smart services on regional innovation performance as well as the underlying mechanism by employing a two-way fixed effects model.#br#The results show that smart services have a significant positive impact on the breadth and depth of regional innovation performance. In addition, affected by network externalities, smart services have a U-shaped nonlinear effect on regional innovation quantity, while a nonlinear effect on regional innovation quality which decreases first and then increases by marginal effect. The dual industrial agglomeration, physical agglomeration and virtual agglomeration play a mediating role in the relationship between regional smart services and regional innovation performance. The influence of smart services on regional innovation performance is heterogeneous among different regions. Specifically, the effect of smart services on regional innovation performance is significant in the eastern region, central cities and urban agglomeration of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Chengdu-Chongqing and middle Reaches of Yangtze River, while it is not significant in Guanzhong Plain Urban agglomeration.#br#This paper makes the following theoretical contributions. First, it makes a comprehensive measurement of the development of smart services from the city level based on the three-dimensional data sources of regions, industries and enterprises. Compared with previous studies, this method can measure the regional differences of smart services more accurately. Second, this paper reveals the nonlinear dynamic relationship between the smart services and regional innovation, which providing theoretical support for the construction path of smart services enabling the innovative urban agglomerations. Third, different from the single perspective of previous studies on physical agglomeration and virtual agglomeration, this paper builds the dual paths of smart service enabling regional innovation in the digital age by introducing the concept of dual industrial agglomeration. This results provide guidance for regional transformation and upgrading from traditional factor input to the intelligent, high-end, and virtualized innovative industrial clusters. This paper is also of great significance for promoting China's regional innovation to improve quality and efficiency.#br#