空间视角下绿色技术创新动力解构：政策推进与市场拉动

绿色技术创新被认为是解决生态环境问题、实现经济社会可持续发展的有效途径。为促进区域绿色技术创新水平提升和协调发展,选取1997—2019年中国内地30个省份面板数据,采用动态空间面板模型实证检验环境政策、市场因素及其空间溢出效应对区域绿色技术创新的影响。研究发现：①环境政策与本地区绿色技术创新存在U型作用关系,并通过示范—模仿机制对周边地区产生正向溢出效应;②市场因素对本地区绿色技术创新具有显著促进作用,并呈现“涟漪效应”;③环境政策和市场因素对绿色技术创新的影响存在时空异质性特征,创新投入发挥部分中介作用。据此,提出制定合理的环境政策、激发绿色技术市场活力、实行差异化绿色创新驱动政策等建议。

Driving Forces Deconstruction of Green Technology Innovation from a Spatial Perspective: Policy Push and Market Pull

In the past decades, China has maintained high economic growth. However, the problems of increasing resource consumption and environmental pollution have posed a threat to sustainable economic and social development. Green technology innovation is conducive to economic growth, resource conservation and environmental protection, and has become one of the core concerns of the government and scholars. Since green technology has double externalities and its supply and market demand are low and unbalanced. It not only involves market factors to stimulate enterprises to invest in green technology innovation, but also calls for environmental policy support to make up for market failure and promote green technology innovation. Considering the existence of agglomeration diffusion effect and knowledge spillover effect between the regions, this paper conducted an in-depth study on environmental policies and market factors driving regional green technology innovation with the consideration of the impact of spatial spillover effect.#br#　Based on the derivation of theoretical formulas and Chinese provincial panel data from 1997 -2019, this study empirically analyzed the impact of environmental policies, market factors and their spatial spillover effects on regional green technology innovation using a dynamic spatial panel model from the perspective of policy promotion and market pull. Robustness tests were conducted by replacing the spatial weight matrix and variable measures, and endogeneity was addressed by using variables with a one-period lag as well as the air circulation coefficient as an instrumental variable. Further heterogeneity analysis was conducted by region and time period, and the mediating effect of innovation inputs was examined.#br#The results show that there is a U-shape effect of environmental policy on local green technology innovation and a positive spillover effect on neighboring areas through the demonstration-imitation mechanism, and market factors play a significant role in promoting green technology innovation in both local and neighboring areas. This finding remains valid after changing the measurement indicators and using instrumental variables. Further study finds that the effects of environmental policies and market factors on green technology innovation show significant spatial and temporal heterogeneity. In 1997-2007 and 2008-2019, environmental policies had a U-shape effect on green technology innovation, and also showed positive spillover effects on neighboring regions. The sloppy economic development approach from 1997-2007 led to a decline rather than a rise in green market demand, and the changes in market factors were in the opposite direction of green technology innovation, while by 2008-2019 it showed that market factors were pulling the regional green technology innovation. Furthermore, the analysis of the mediating effect show that innovation inputs play a partial mediating role between environmental policy and green technology innovation, and between market factors and green technology innovation. In particular, environmental policy inhibits regional innovation inputs through the cost compliance effect, which is detrimental to regional green technology innovation, while the innovation compensation effect of environmental policy is not achieved by changing innovation inputs.#br#Unlike previous literature, this paper firstly investigated the effect of environmental policy and market factors jointly on green technology innovation from a regional level perspective, which also made it possible to examine the spatial spillover effects of green technology innovation and its drivers. Secondly, unlike previous studies that used a single indicator to reflect market factors, this study constructed a composite indicator of market factors in order to more accurately evaluate the effect of market factors on regional green technology innovation. Finally, the regional and time period differentiated effects of green technology innovation drivers were explored, and the influence mechanisms of environmental policies and market factors on regional green technology innovation were tapped, providing ideas for achieving the overall improvement and coordinated development of green technology innovation level.#br#It is suggested for local governments to use a combination of environmental regulation measures in their continuous exploration, and advanced regions should play a demonstration role so that surrounding regions with similar resource endowments can imitate and quickly introduce appropriate environmental policies. Second, green consumption should be stimulated to enhance the vitality of the green product market. Finally, regional differentiated green technology innovation driving policies should be implemented and the spatial spillover effect of green technology innovation should be given full play to realize regional synergistic green technology innovation.#br#