基于超效率DEA与Malmquist指数的区域研发效率评价——四大国家级城市群比较研究

选取京津冀、长三角、粤港澳大湾区、成渝地区双城经济圈四大国家级城市群，基于超效率DEA与Malmquist指数测算2016—2018年各城市群科技研发效率。超效率DEA分析结果表明，粤港澳大湾区的研发效率均值最高，其次是成渝地区双城经济圈、长三角城市群，由于京津冀城市群科技发展不平衡问题突出，区域研发效率均值处于四大城市群之尾。Malmquist指数分析结果表明，长三角、粤港澳大湾区、京津冀城市群大部分城市都实现了技术效率正增长，而成渝地区双城经济圈的技术效率逐渐下降，与其它三大城市群存在一定差距。整体而言，四大国家级城市群的技术进步率均值高于技术效率均值，由此可见，增强地区科研能力是提升全要素生产率的关键。在实证分析我国区域研发效率的基础上，对我国城市群资源配置、优势资源禀赋、区域协同创新水平以及产学研深度合作等提出对策建议。

Evaluation of Regional R&D Efficiency Based on Super-efficiency DEA and Malmquist Index

China is now actively promoting new urbanization strategy. Urban agglomerations, as the main form to advance national urbanization, will undoubtedly become the important pillar for China's future economic development. The 2014-2020 National New Urbanization Proposal, released in 2014, has clarified the layout and planning of urban agglomerations in China, and pointed out that future efforts should focus on scientific optimization of eastern urban agglomerations, and active cultivation of economic growth pole in the central and west regions. In 2018, the State Council made new remarks on establishing new mechanism of regional collaborative development, stating that the form of urban agglomerations would be taken to boost regional strategic integration and development. The 6th Meeting of Central Finance and Economics held in 2020 put forward that Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle will target at world-class urban agglomerations and become an important growth pole of west China high-quality development and the fourth pole of China's economy following the Jing-Jin-Ji, the Yangtze River Delta, and Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao urban agglomerations. Regional collaborative development within urban agglomerations and integrated market can strengthen regional internal competitiveness, effectively reduce overall operational and institutional cost of urban agglomerations, promote mobility and integration of elements, redress the imbalance in regional development and optimize territorial space structure. #br#The ability of scientific and technological innovation is vital to the national and regional core competitiveness. Its main role is to stimulate economic vitality and promote sustainable development by gathering innovative resources and strengthening scientific and technological research and development. It is of great significance to study the R&D efficiency and its influencing factors in different economic circles for comparing the efficiency of R&D resources allocation in different regions and making effective management policies of science and technology.#br#Based on SE-DEA（CCR-I）model, the paper calculates scientific and technological R&D efficiency of 65 cities from four major urban agglomerations in China during 2016 and 2018, comparatively analyzes R&D efficiency variation at different stages of the four major urban agglomerations as well as cities within the urban agglomerations, and explores into the variation characteristics of R&D efficiency in each region. #br#The research conclusions are as follows. (1) The super efficiency DEA analysis shows that the average R & D efficiency of Guangdong HK & Macao Bay area is the highest, followed by Chengdu Chongqing economic circle and Yangtze River Delta city group. Due to the imbalance of scientific and technological development of Jing-Jin-Ji cities, the average regional R & D efficiency is at the end of the four city groups. (2) Malmquist index analysis shows that most cities in the Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong, HK & Macao, and Jing-Jin-Ji urban agglomerations have achieved positive growth in technological efficiency, while the efficiency of scientific and technological progress of Chengdu Chongqing urban agglomerations has gradually declined, and there is still a certain gap from the other three urban agglomerations. The average technological progress rate of the overall four major national urban agglomerations is higher than the average technological efficiency, and the scientific research of each region has been strengthened. Technical level is the key to improve TFP. On the basis of the empirical analysis of regional R & D efficiency, this paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions on the allocation of investment resources, the endowment of advantageous resources, the development of regional collaborative innovation and the in-depth cooperation of production, learning and research of the R & D efficiency of urban agglomerations in accordance with local conditions.#br#