美国重振制造业战略动向及影响

美国实施重振制造业战略存在产业、科技及金融等方面的优势;面临的主要困难和挑战是,全球化对制造业全球分工的影响不会根本逆转,低端制造业会继续向更低成本的国家和地区转移,而不可能大量回归美国。当前,对其效果全面进行评估为时尚早。美国重振制造业战略对中国吸收美资有如下影响:一是存量美资中有少数不稳定迹象,主要局限于加工贸易订单的分流;二是大型跨国公司对华投资态度仍较积极,对美投资政策的变化相对平淡;三是不少外资高科技企业有扩大在华业务的意愿,但存在一些疑虑;四是美资在华中低端领域的整体布局已初步形成,但向高端领域的转型升级受到诸多因素的制约;五是成本上升影响外资稳定,不利于转型升级。

The US’ "Manufacturing Revival" Strategy and Its Influences on China

Currently,the US enjoys industrial,scientific and technological and financial advantages in the implementation of its "manufacturing revival" strategy.But it is too early to carry out an overall evaluation of its effects now.However,globalization’s irreversible influences on the labor division of global manufacturing and the continuous transfer of global low-end manufacturing industry to lower-cost countries will pose two major challenges to the US in its implementation of this strategy.The US strategy is also expected to produce some influence on the flow of US investment to China.First,signs of instability have emerged in the stock of China-based US investment,which is mainly reflected by the diversification of processing trade orders.Second,large multinational corporations continue to hold a positive attitude toward China-bound investment and make no considerable adjustments to their investment in the US.Third,quite a few foreign-funded high-tech corporations show their willingness to expand their business in China,but some concerns still exist among them.Fourth,the US’ capital has initially formed its investment layout in China’s low-and middle-end manufacturing area,but numerous restrictive factors still exist for their shifting and upgrading to high-end fields.Fifth,rising costs have affected the stability of China-based foreign capital,which is unfavorable to the country’s industrial transformation and upgrading.