中国经济在改革发展中呈现效率驱动型特征——二论对“东亚奇迹”和中国经济的理论解释

现有文献表明，大多数学者认为改革以来中国经济快速增长属于要素投入驱动型增长．不可能持续。对此，本文在以前结构转换研究的基础上，指出通常使用的索洛增长因素核算方程中隐含的效率提高类型与实际不符，由此可导致严重低估实际的综合效率提高；而由Klenowand Rodriguez—Clare（1997）发展的核算方法才是封中国经济增长因素进行分解的正确方法。然後对以此方法对中国经济增长因素分解测算的结果进行了详细分析，据此得出了三个基本结论：第一、改革以来中国经济实现了效率提高型快速增长，综合效率提高作出了主要贡献，要素投入也有一定的贡献，但比重较小；第二、改革以来中国经济的增长模式不同于改革前，後者的特征被再次证明主要是依靠要素投入；第三、改革以来中国经济的综合效率提高，主要来源于二元结构转换效应和经济体制转轨效应，教育和科研开发的贡献属于成长中的因素。所以，也不同于发达市场经济的常规增长方式。这些就是中国式综合效率提高驱动型经济增长的特征。

Chinese economy features with TFP-advancing-drive growth during the reform and development--Second theory explanation about the “East Asian Miracle” and Chinese economy

The survey of the current literature suggests, most scholars think that after economic system reform and opening-door policy the rapid growth of Chinese economy is factors-consumption-driven and not sustainable. This paper disagrees with these points. The authors first discuss the growth accounting method used generally and developed by Solow in 1957 and point out that the factor-partiality type of TFP growth embodied in the method can＇t match with the reality so that to under-estimate the growth of actual TFP. The paper employs a new method developed by Klenow and Rodriguez-Clare （1997） to decompose the growth factors of Chinese economy and analyze their contributions to economic growth. There are 3 basic findings： First, Chinese economy realized the TFP-advancing-driven growth after economic system reform and the advance of TFP devoted majority to the growth and the consumption of factors devote minority. Second, after economic system reform the growth pattern of Chinese economy is much different from before economic reform and the latter is again proved to mainly rely on various factors inputs. Third, after economic system reform the advance of TFP mostly comes from the effectiveness of dual structural transform and economic system transition, and human capital and R＆D are just growing as infant factors. These are the features of Chinese TFP-advancing-drive growth, which is basically different both from the traditional growth pattern before economic reform and from the normal growth pattern in developed market economy.