全球生产网络下产业领导力影响了知识溢出吗

全球生产网络为知识溢出提供了新渠道。在新的国际分工格局中，不同产业集团所处地位具有非对称性，而这种非对称性或者产业领导力是否对知识溢出产生影响缺乏理论分析和验证。鉴于此，在理论分析基础上，构造核心产业领导力衡量指标，探讨核心产业领导力对知识溢出的影响。研究发现：(1)产业领导力对知识溢出具有显著正向影响，表现为具有领导力的核心产业通过价值链参与形式，将创新研发成果输送至非核心产业区；(2)地理距离加权的核心产业领导力对非核心产业区的创新效率具有显著负向影响，其作用机制是地理距离通过制度距离弱化核心产业领导力对非核心产业区的知识溢出效应；(3)基于产业非对称条件下的知识溢出效应，不同属性产业以及不同区域间均表现出显著异质性。研究不仅从产业领导力角度对全球生产网络分工条件下的知识溢出研究提出了新认识，而且为在全球产业链、价值链重构的关键阶段如何通过迈向全球产业链中高端，推动全球产业链、价值链包容性发展，作出更多中国贡献提供了重要政策建议。

The Impact of Industry Leadership on Knowledge Spillover under Global Production Network

Since the 1980s, the international division of labor has undergone profound changes, that is, from the international division of labor with the final product as the boundary to the new division with the product value-added links and stages as the boundary. As multinational corporations build production networks around the world, the innovation achievements of enterprises are no longer limited to the benefits of enterprises themselves, but also benefit other enterprises in the network through spillover effect. This is because, on the one hand, the construction of production network itself includes the global layout of industrial innovation network;on the other hand, in the complex global production network structure, the innovation achievements made at any node or stage will produce knowledge spillovers through the whole production network, so that all enterprises in the industrial chain can share R&D achievements, and the overall production efficiency of the industry will be improved. However, it is worth noting that in the process of forming the global division of labor network or industrial chain, the status of different industrial clusters or industrial groups in the same industrial chain is differentiated. Some industrial clusters and industrial groups gradually occupy advantages in the industrial chain because of their superior geographical location, strong financial support or government policy support because of the core industrial cluster and industrial group in the industrial network. Generally speaking, the core industrial cluster controls most of the scarce monopoly resources of the industrial chain and grasps the key technologies of industrial innovation and upgrading. Therefore, it takes control of the whole industrial chain and product supply by its leadership of the industrial chain.#br#From the perspective of the traditional international division of labor model, the present studies have confirmed that innovation can produce spillover effects through trade from the national and enterprise levels. However, there is rare research based on the industrial level, and there is a lack of investigation and distinction of different leadership in the industrial chain, as well as the possible impacts on technology spillovers. In view of this, this paper uses the number of patent applications as the index to measure industrial innovation based on the theoretical analysis, and refers to the construction method of micro enterprise leadership in the existing research, constructs the index to measure the leadership of core industries by using the value chain participation index and bilateral import and export volume, and discusses the impact of core industry leadership on knowledge spillovers. Furthermore it studies the influence mechanism of industrial control power weighted by geographical distance on knowledge spillover.#br#It is found that (1)the industrial leadership has a significant positive impact on knowledge spillover, which is embodied in that the core industry with leadership transmits innovative R&D achievements to non-core industrial areas through the form of value chain participation;(2)the core industry leadership weighted by geographical distance has a significant negative impact on the innovation efficiency of non-core industrial areas, and the mechanism is that geographical distance weakens the knowledge spillover effect of core industry leadership on non-core industrial areas through institutional distance;(3) knowledge spillovers show significant effects under different conditions of regional heterogeneity.#br# This study has advanced the knowledge of knowledge spillover under the division of labor of global production network from the perspective of industrial leadership: it firstly focuses on the promotion mechanism of industry level leadership on intra-industry knowledge spillovers;then in the model construction,it puts forward a comprehensive measurement method of industrial leadership;thirdly, in the research process, it uses the fixed effect model to study multiple industries at the same time in order to obtain more robust conclusions. In addition, this paper further verifies the impact mechanism of geographical location on knowledge spillover. In summary,this study puts forward a new understanding, and provides important policy suggestions on how to promote the inclusive development of global industrial chain and value chain, and upgrade towards the middle and high end of global industrial chain at the key stage of global industrial chain and value chain reconstruction.#br#