墨西哥湾漏油事故后的政府监管及其对开采成本的影响

2010年发生的墨西哥湾原油泄露事故对美国甚至全球海洋石油工业产生了深远影响。事故发生后,美国总统立即发布紧急法令暂停了墨西哥湾一切石油开采活动,并紧急协调各方进行堵漏和清污作业;同时组建高规格的事故调查委员会,深入调查事故发生原因;落实事故赔偿和生态恢复责任;提出建立＂深海钻井应急系统＂,并促使海洋油井应急救援协会（MWCC）成立,以落实相关措施;成立专门机构加强深海能源开采监管。美国政府的一系列监管新举措,尤其是＂深海钻井应急系统＂的应用,将大大提高深海石油开采的安全保障程度,但同时也将提高深海石油开采的准入门槛,提高深海水下装备的互换性与制造难度,进而大幅度提高深海石油开采成本。从短期看,＂深海钻井应急系统＂的应用会大幅提高深海钻井作业成本;但从长远看,可以有效避免海上恶性事故,从而将会对降低深海开采成本起到积极作用。

Government regulation and its impact on oil industry costs after the recent oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico

The serious oil spill that occurred in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010 has had a profound impact on not only the U.S.domestic but also the global offshore oil industry.After the accident the U.S.President issued an emergency decree to suspend immediately all oil exploration activities in the US Gulf of Mexico;emergency coordination of plugging and clean-up work began;a presidential investigative commission was appointed to find the causes of the spill and determine accident liability for damage compensation as w...