美国制造业发展及制造业外包

美国的货物贸易中进口制造业原材料所占比重较大，且规模增长迅速。在美国制造业的增长过程中，要素生产率起到了较大的作用，进口原材料的贡献越来越大，且进口原材料大都来自于发展中国家，其中中国的原材料占三分之一。在测度美国制造业外包倾向后发现，资本、劳动力和能源价格相对稳定，其他原材料的价格在不断增长，这给美国未来贸易及中美关系发展较大的启示。

On the Development and Outsourcing of American Manufacturing Industry

Imported materials account for great portion in American manufacturing industry and are on the rise. In the process, factor productivity plays a key role and imported materials mainly coming from developing countries （about one third coming from China） contribute more to its development. By measuring the tendency of outsourcing industry in America, we find out that the prices for capital, labor and energy remain stagnant while that for other materials are increasing, which brings significant insight into American trade and Sino-U.S. relationship in the future.