浅析美国和中国的城市郊区化机制

郊区化是人口、就业岗位和服务业从城市中心区向郊区迁移的一种离心扩散过程,它是城市化发展的必经阶段。美国是郊区化发展较早的国家,市场在其郊区化的过程中发挥了重要的作用。20世纪80年代后,随着北京、上海等大城市空间结构的变迁,中国一些大城市的郊区化进程也已经开始。但是中国处在城市化快速发展阶段和从计划经济向市场经济转型的时期,其郊区化在市场和政府的共同作用下发展,有其自身的机制和问题。文章对中国和美国郊区化的过程、特点及机制进行了简单分析,得出的结论是:通过对郊区化机制的理解,借鉴美国郊区化成功的方面,建立正确的城市空间发展政策,推动中国郊区化的健康发展。

Comparison of Suburbanization Mechanism between the United States and China

Suburbanization is a transferring process of population,employment,and service from urban area to suburb.In the United States which has first experienced suburbanization,market has played an essential role in the process.Since 1980s,as the urban spatial structure in such metropolitans as Beijing and Shanghai has changed,the suburbanization process starts in China's big cities.Since China is in the rapid development stage of urbanization and the transition from planned economy to market economy,its suburbanization develops under the influence of both the market and the government.Therefore,it has its own mechanism and problems.This paper is devoted to the comparison of the process,characteristics and mechanism of suburbanization in China and the United States so as to facilitate the formulation of proper policy on urban development and the sound development of China's suburbanization through understanding the whole suburbanizing process and learning from the US successful experience.