基于NRCA模型的乡镇地域多功能空间特征及格局优化

目的]探索识别乡村地域优势功能的方法,实现县域乡镇层面空间发展格局优化,为定位乡镇发展方向、实施乡村规划管理及促进区域可持续发展提供科学依据。方法]以青龙满族自治县乡镇地域为研究对象,构建乡镇地域多功能评价指标体系,运用熵权法及综合评价模型计算2016年乡镇地域功能值,利用GIS技术和空间集中度指数分析不同地域功能的空间分异特征,基于标准显示性比较优势指数(NRCA)判定优势功能,并进一步划分优势功能区,实现乡镇地域空间格局优化。结果](1)青龙县乡镇地域功能空间分异特征显著,农业生产功能呈现中部强南部弱的空间特征;经济发展功能表现出中心乡镇强,其他乡镇弱的格局;人居保障功能以青龙镇为强核心向外辐射并逐渐减弱;文旅休闲功能地域差异明显,祖山镇和青龙镇高居前列;生态服务功能整体较强,县域北部优于南部;青龙镇、祖山镇地域多功能性较强,其他乡镇较弱。(2)基于NRCA模型确定了青龙县乡镇地域空间5种优势功能区,并针对各优势功能区提出发展建议。结论]基于NRCA模型可以有效判定乡村地域优势功能,并划分优势功能区,实现乡镇地域空间格局优化。

MULTI FUNCTIONALITY SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PATTERN OPTIMIZATION OF TOWNSHIP REGION BASED ON NRCA MODEL

This paper is intended to explore the method of identifying the advantage function of rural regional, and to optimize the spatial development pattern of towns in county areas, so as to provide scientific basis for positioning the direction of township development, implementing rural planning and management, and promoting regional sustainable development. In this paper, taking the township of Qinglong Manchu Autonomous County as the research object, the multi functional evaluation index system of township was constructed. The entropy weight method and comprehensive evaluation model were used to calculate regional function values of township in 2016. With the help of the GIS technology and spatial concentration index, the spatial differentiation characteristics of different regional functions were analyzed. And based on normalized revealed comparative advantage index (NRCA), the advantage functions were determined, and further the advantage functional area to achieve the spatial pattern optimization of township was divided. The results were showed as follows. Firstly, the regional functional spatial differentiation characteristics of townships in Qinglong County were significant. The agricultural production function was strong in the central part and weak in the southern part. The economic development function showed that the central towns were strong while the other towns were weak. Qinglong Town was the core of the human settlements security function, which radiated outward and gradually weakens. The regional differences of leisure functions of cultural tourism were obvious, and Zushan Town and Qinglong Town were in the forefront. The ecological service function was stronger as a whole, and the northern county was better than the southern one. Qinglong Town and Zushan Town had stronger regional versatility, while other townships were weaker. Secondly, based on the NRCA model, five advantage functional zones in the regional space of township in Qinglong County were determined, and development suggestions were put forward for each advantage functional zone. The NRCA model can effectively determine advantage function of rural areas, and divide the advantage functional zone to optimize the spatial pattern of township region.