南方地区农业要素禀赋水平的空间分异与动态比较

目的]基于要素禀赋的空间分布差异有序推进农业要素禀赋结构、技术结构和产业结构升级,是农业生产结构转型过程中亟待解决的重大战略性问题之一,也是当前区域经济发展理论与实践迫切需要攻克的重要课题。方法]基于熵权法测算1997—2015年南方地区15个省(市、区)农业要素禀赋指数,结合差异性指数与基于多组群计算的分异指数,分析了南方地区农业要素禀赋的空间分异状况,在此基础上对南方地区农业要素禀赋水平的变化趋势和区域相对优势进行了总体评价。结果](1)南方地区农业要素禀赋水平自1997年以来略有上升,大部分省(市、区)的农业要素禀赋综合指数呈现出先降后升的"U"型态势;(2)农业要素禀赋优势存在明显的区域差异,具有农业要素禀赋优势的省(市)包括沪、浙、苏、湘、鄂、粤等5省1市,其他省(市、区)则缺乏比较优势;(3)农业要素禀赋综合水平存在一定的空间分异,土地、劳动力、资本、技术和结构等要素禀赋则存在较为显著的空间分异,但是资本和技术的要素禀赋水平近年来则呈现出较为明显的下降趋势;(4)农业单要素禀赋还表现出显著的空间集聚性, 5类单要素禀赋的空间分布也呈现出显著的区域差异,各要素禀赋内部则显现出明显的空间集聚特征。结论]应根据各省(市、区)农业要素禀赋水平选择适合的农业发展道路。

OVERALL EVALUATION AND SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION CHARACTERISTICS OF AGRICULTURAL FACTOR ENDOWMENT IN SOUTH CHINA

On the basis of the spatial distribution differences of factor endowments, promoting the agricultural factor endowments structure, technological structure and the upgrading of industrial structure in an orderly way is one of the important strategic problems to be solved in the process of agricultural productive structure transformation, and is also an urgent task to be tackled urgently in the current theory and practice of regional economic development. Based on entropy weight method, this paper calculated the agricultural factor endowment index of 15 provinces (cities, districts) in South China from 1997 to 2015 and carried out an overall evaluation to the changing trend and regional relative advantage of agricultural factor endowment level in South China. Then combined with differential index and differentiation index based on multi group computing, it calculated and analyzed the spatial differentiation of agricultural factor endowment in South China. The results were showed as follows. The agricultural factor endowment level in South China had risen slightly since 1997, the comprehensive index of agricultural factor endowment in most provinces (cities, districts) showed the trend of "U", dropped first and then rose. There were obvious regional differences in agricultural factor endowment advantage, the five provinces (cities) and one city with agricultural factor endowment advantage were Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Hunan, Hubei and Guangdong, others lacked comparative advantage. Comprehensive level of agricultural factor endowment had certain spatial differentiation, factor endowments like land, labor, capital, technology and structure had significant spatial difference, but the capital and technology factor endowment level showed an obvious downward trend in recent years. The agricultural single factor endowment also showed remarkable spatial agglomeration, and the spatial distribution of the 5 types single factor endowments also showed significant regional differences, the interior of various factor endowment showed obvious spatial agglomeration characteristics. According to each provinces (cities, districts) agriculture level of factor endowments, choosing a suitable agricultural development is particularly important.