关贸总协定1994第20条中环保例外条款的适用及困惑

贸易与环境问题是一个涉及国际社会多层面、多领域的复杂而重大的问题,已成为世贸组织新一轮多哈回合谈判的重要议题。世贸组织环保例外条款承认了各国国内环境政策的合法性,但运用不当易演变成贸易保护手段,从而阻碍国际贸易的发展。本文通过对关贸总协定1994第20条(b)、(g)两项立法主旨、适用条件的阐释,揭示了这些条款在实际运用中存在的问题,目的是促使世贸组织环保例外条款公正有效地实施,并期望对我国外贸政策的选择有所裨益。

The Exceptional Provisions for Environment Protection in Article 20 of GATT 1994

The coordination problem of trade and environment is a complex and material problem concerning many aspects and fields of international society, and the problem has already been an important topic in the new round of talks of WTO initiated in Doha. The exceptional provisions for environment protection in Article 20 of GATT admits the legality of the domestic environment policies in every country. But if abused, it will become a means of trade protection and hamper the development of international trade.