美国产业补贴政策主要特征、对我国的影响及应对措施

随着中美贸易摩擦愈演愈烈,美方提出需要中国放弃对高技术行业的政策扶持的无理要求。为此,本文首先对美国自建国以来的产业补贴政策进行回顾,并着重梳理了2008年全球金融危机爆发后美国所有的产业政策法案,发现美国联邦和州政府出台了大量的产业补贴政策,以直接或间接地支持本国农业和高技术行业的发展。其次,本文进一步分析了美国产业补贴政策对我国的出口贸易、国内产业、跨境投资和科技创新的不利影响。最后,从出口保障体系建设、对美反制贸易政策工具、优化营商环境和构建符合国际规则的产业补贴政策等四方面提出了有针对性的应对策略。

Main Characteristics of US Industrial Subsidy Policies,Impact on China and Countermeasures

As Sino-US trade friction intensifies, the US has unreasonably proposed that China must cancel its support policies for high-tech industries. Through a detailed review of the industrial policy bills since the founding of the US, especially the bills after the global financial crisis in 2008, this paper finds that the US federal and state governments provide a large number of industrial subsidy policies to directly or indirectly support domestic agriculture and high-tech industries. Then, the paper further analyzes the adverse effects of US industrial subsidy policies on China's export trade, domestic industries, cross-border investment and technological innovation. Finally, it proposes a series of countermeasures from the aspects of export security system, counter-trade policies to US, optimization of business environment and construction of industrial subsidy policies in line with international rules.