轨道交通PPP项目车公里付费模式下政府可行性缺口补助的计算——以天津地铁11号线一期工程PPP项目为例

PPP投融资模式通过社会资本方参与项目建设和运营,大大减轻地方政府城市轨道交通建设和运营所承担的投资风险及负担,拓宽融资渠道,减轻政府近期支出压力,实现优势互补,形成多方共赢的局面。其中,付费模式是轨道交通PPP项目的重要基础,关系到PPP项目的风险分配和收益回报,因而是政府和社会资本关注的核心问题,也是PPP项目合同中最为关键的条款。根据我国的多年实践,可行性缺口补助作为政府付费模式与使用者付费的结合,是我国城市轨道交通PPP付费的最佳模式之一,而车公里付费模式是可行性缺口补助模式中的最新模式。结合天津地铁11号线一期工程PPP项目,对车公里付费模式下政府可行性缺口补助的计算进行了研究,并就相关重点问题提出了建议。

Calculation of Government Subsidy for Feasibility Gap for Railway Transit under PPP Model——Take the PPP Project of Tianjin Metro Line 11 as an Example

The PPP investment and financing mode is to introduce social capital to participate in project construction and operation,greatly reduce the investment risks and burdens of local government in the construction and operation of urban railway transit,broaden financing channels,reduce the government's recent expenditure pressures,achieve complementary advantages and forming a multi-win situation.Among them,the payment mode is an important basis for PPP project,which is related to the risk distribution and return of income of the PPP project.It is therefore the core issue of government and social capital concerns,and the most critical clause in the PPP project contract.According to China's many years of practice,viability gap funding as a combination of government payment mode and user payment mode is one of the best modes of urban railway transit PPP payment,and"vehicle per kilometer"is the latest mode in viability gap funding mode.This paper combines the PPP project of Tianjin Metro Line 11 Phase I project to conduct a detailed study on the calculation of the government viability gap funding under the vehicle per kilometer payment mode,and puts forward suggestions on relevant key issues.