我国现行水污染物排放许可证管理存在的问题

对我国现行排污许可证制度在水环境管理方面存在的问题进行具体探讨和原因分析，指出我国现行水污染物排放许可证管理存在如下问题：①管理考核体系不够完善；②许可证发放范围不够全面，未科学利用水环境容量核定成果；③水污染排污许可证污染排放指标的不确定性。并指出存在以上问题的原因主要包括缺少相关法律的有力支撑、完整的管理系统及先进的人员技术。借鉴美国现已运用的水污染物排放许可证管理的成功经验，进一步提出了相应的对策。

Deficiencies in water pollutant discharge license management in China

In this paper , we discuss the deficiencies in the current Chinese pollutant discharge license system in terms of water environmental management , and analyze their causes .We find that the main problems are as follows：（ 1 ） the management and evaluation system is not well-developed , （ 2 ） the licensing range is not comprehensive and not based on scientific utilization of the water environmental capacity assessment results , and （3 ） there are uncertainties in the pollutant discharge indicators for the water pollutant discharge licensing .We point out that these deficiencies are mainly attributed to the lack of strong legal support , incomplete management system , and unadvanced technologies and skill level among professionals .We draw on successful experience in the United States in the management of water pollutant discharge licenses , and put forward several countermeasures .