黄河流域内蒙古段生态安全格局优化研究

目的]黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展已成为沿黄区域可持续发展的共识，亟需优化流域生态安全格局。方法]文章以黄河流域内蒙古段为研究区，采用InVEST模型定量评价1990—2018年流域生境质量变化；从生态系统服务功能重要性、生态敏感性两个角度划定流域生态保护红线，提取生态源地；建立生态源地扩展阻力指标体系，将评价结果分级后与“三生用地”相叠加，构建流域生态安全格局；从“点—线—面”架构生态网络，优化流域生态空间。结果]（1）研究时段内，研究区生境质量呈“U”形变化趋势，生境质量水平整体偏低；其空间演变表现为低水平生境面积不断扩大，高水平生境范围有所萎缩。（2）流域生态保护红线面积共10.7万km2，与实际生态用地的空间叠置率为69.01%。流域共提取9个生态源地，识别一级生态廊道9条，生态绿心40个，组合各地理要素提出“一楔两屏三带四区多中心”的生态空间规划建议。结论]生态安全格局利于黄河流域高质量发展，可在此基础上控制流域草原畜牧区载畜量，巩固流域农牧区产能优势，提高农牧区人居环境质量，强化农牧空间管控。

ECO-SPATIAL SECURITY OPTIMIZATION IN WATERSHED OF THE YELLOW RIVER IN INNER MONGNOLIA

Ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin have become the consensus of sustainable development of the region along the Yellow River. Taking Inner Mongolia section of the Yellow River as the research area, habitat background was evaluated by InVEST model. The ecological protection red line was defined from the evaluation of ecological function importance and ecological sensitivity. Then an evaluation index system of the expansion resistance was established based on ecological source areas were identified, and regional ecological security pattern was built based on the production-living-ecological land types. The ecological safety network was built based on point, line and plane, and the ecological spatial planning was also made. The results showed that, firstly, the habitat quality of the study area showed like "U" shaped trend during the study period, and the overall level of habitat quality was low. Its spatial evolution showed that the area of low-level habitat was expanding and the scope of high-level habitat was shrinking. Secondly, the area of ecological protection red line covered 107 000 km², whose spatial overlap rate with ecological land was 69.01%, so the ecological security pattern needed to be optimized. Last but not the least, after identifying 9 ecological source areas, the minimum cumulative resistance surface was classified and overlapped with the "three-living" land types. To identify 9 first-class ecological corridors, 40 ecological green centers, path and river corridors aimed at generating "point, line and plane" ecological security network. In conclusion, the paper puts forward "one wedge, two barriers, three belts, four districts and multi-centers" of ecological spatial planning. On this basis, the livestock carrying capacity of grassland and animal husbandry areas in the basin can be controlled, the productivity advantages of agricultural and animal husbandry areas in the basin can be consolidated, the living environment quality of agricultural and animal husbandry areas can be improved, and the control of agricultural and animal husbandry space can be strengthened.