黄河下游沿黄地市农业高质量发展水平评价及比较研究

[目的]为科学测度黄河流域特定区域农业高质量发展水平。[方法]文章以黄河下游河南、山东两省及其17个地市为研究对象，基于省级和市级数据，依据农业高质量发展的理念、内涵、思想与要求，从农业生产高效益、农业产品高质量、农村居民高收入、资源利用高效率、环境质量高水平5个准则层出发构建黄河下游沿黄地市农业高质量发展评价指标体系。运用熵权TOPSIS模型得出测度值，对下游省、市两级发展水平进行对比分析；再结合聚类分析法把相对优、劣势相同的地市分类，明确各类地市未来发展重心；最后通过各地市空间分布状况直观地观测各地市间的差异。[结果]（1）黄河下游地区农业高质量发展总体水平山东省略高于河南省。（2）下游沿黄17个地市中济南农业高质量发展水平最高，新乡农业高质量发展水平最低。（3）根据相对优、劣势把17个地市划分为6类。[结论]沿黄地市农业高质量发展各有其短板和优势，市级间农业高质量发展水平差异较大，提升重点是因地制宜、扬长避短，充分发挥各自优势，着力补齐发展短板，以实现黄河下游地市农业高质量协调发展。

EVALUATION AND COMPARATIVE STUDY ON HIGH-QUALITY AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT LEVEL OF CITIES ALONG THE LOWER YELLOW RIVER

This research aims to scientifically measure the high-quality agricultural development level in specific areas of the Yellow River Basin. Taking Henan and Shandong provinces and their 17 cities in the lower reaches of the Yellow River as research objects, based on provincial and municipal data and according to the concept, connotation, thought and requirements of high-quality agricultural development, an evaluation index system of high-quality agricultural development in cities along the lower reaches of the Yellow River was constructed from five criteria, namely, high efficiency of agricultural production, high quality of agricultural products, high income of rural residents, high efficiency of resource utilization and high level of environmental quality. And the entropy weight TOPSIS model was used to get the measurement value, and compare and analyze the development level of downstream provinces and cities, then combined with cluster analysis, the cities with the same relative advantages and disadvantages were classified, and the future development focus of various cities was defined. Finally, through the spatial distribution of cities, the differences between cities were observed intuitively. The results were listed as follows. The overall level of high-quality agricultural development in the lower reaches of the Yellow River in Shandong province was slightly higher than that in Henan province. Among the 17 cities along the Yellow River in the lower reaches, Jinan had the highest level of high-quality agricultural development, while Xinxiang had the lowest level of high-quality agricultural development. According to relative advantages and disadvantages, 17 cities were divided into six categories. Therefore, the high-quality development of agriculture in cities along the Yellow River has its own shortcomings and advantages, and the level of high-quality development of agriculture varies greatly among cities. The key points of promotion are to adapt to local conditions, foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses, give full play to their respective advantages, and make efforts to fill the shortcomings of development, so as to realize the coordinated development of high-quality agriculture in cities in the lower reaches of the Yellow River.