我国水禽全要素生产率增长和贡献及区域差异分析

[目的]通过测算水禽全要素生产率（TFP）来评估水禽的投入产出效率，同时分别对比各养殖区域之间TFP的增长率及贡献的差异。[方法]文章依托全国22个省、（市、自治区）水禽投入产出数据，基于索洛残差法和DEA-Malmquist指数法分别从水禽TFP指数、TFP增长率和TFP贡献率3个角度展开分析。[结果]（1）全国水禽TFP均值为1.352，大多数地区的水禽TFP指数均大于1，山东省的技术效率、纯技术效率、规模效率均为全国第一；（2）全国水禽TFP增长率平均值为0.19，水禽TFP贡献率平均值为120%,TFP贡献率和增长率较上一年都有所提升；（3）区域差异比较后发现，西南地区的水禽TFP指数、TFP增长率和水禽TFP贡献率的均值最大，而华中地区的3个指标均值均为全国最小，水禽的TFP区域特征呈现出“北向南移”趋势。[结论]技术进步对水禽产业发展作出了很大的贡献，说明水禽产业需要进一步加强新技术投入；突发事件一定程度上刺激了水禽产量的增长，说明不仅要预防突发事件，而且要不断挖掘突发事件后的边际效应；水禽TFP区域差异显著，要求结合区域特征分析后因地制宜施策，最终提升水禽生产要素投入效率...

TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH AND CONTRIBUTION OF WATERFOWL IN CHINA AND REGIONAL DIFFERENCES OF TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY

This research is intends to evaluate the input-output efficiency of waterfowl by measuring the total factor productivity of waterfowl, and compare the growth rate and contribution difference of TFP between aquaculture regions. Based on the input-output data of waterfowl in 22 provinces and cities in China, Solow residual method and DEA Malmquist index method was used to make an analysis from waterfowl TFP index, TFP growth rate and TFP contribution rate respectively. The results showed that: (1) The average TFP of waterfowl in China was 1.352, and the TFP index of waterfowl in most areas was greater than 1. Among them, the technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of Shandong province were the first in China. (2) The average growth rate of waterfowl TFP in China was 0.19, and the average contribution rate of waterfowl TFP was 120%. The contribution rate and growth rate of TFP were higher than that of the previous year. (3) Through the comparison of regional differences, it was found that the mean values of waterfowl TFP index, TFP growth rate and waterfowl TFP contribution rate in Southwest China were the largest in China, while the mean values of the three indicators in Central China were the smallest in China. In the whole, the overall regional characteristics of waterfowl TFP showed a trend of "moving from north to South". In summary, technological progress has made great contributions to the development of waterfowl industry, indicating that waterfowl industry needs to further strengthen technological innovation investment; Emergencies stimulate the growth of total waterfowl production to a certain extent, which showing that we should not only prevent emergencies, but also constantly explore the marginal effect after emergencies. And there are significant regional differences in TFP of waterfowl, so we must analyze it in combination with regional characteristics, and implement countermeasures according to local conditions to improve the input efficiency of waterfowl production factors.