农户资本禀赋对水稻生产生态效率的影响以湖北省为例

目的 农户资本禀赋约束对水稻生产生态效率会产生重要的影响。为更全面和准确地分析资本禀赋对水稻生产生态效率的影响。方法 文章基于长江中游湖北省农户调研数据，利用生命周期评价方法、超效率SBM模型、熵值法、Tobit和OLS回归等多种模型和方法，在理论分析基础上从多个角度就资本禀赋对水稻生产生态效率的影响进行研究。结果 （1）农户资本禀赋存在较大差异，各类别资本禀赋排序为人力资本（0.37）>社会资本（0.17）>金融资本（0.16）>物质资本（0.14）>自然资本（0.10）。强资本型的农户比例在综合资本禀赋和分类别资本禀赋上均少于弱资本型的农户比例。（2）单季水稻系统生命周期环境影响综合指数为2.10，水稻生产生态效率为0.64。（3）农户综合资本禀赋提升有利于提升水稻生产生态效率。综合资本禀赋对水稻生产生态效率的提升效应主要得益于物质资本、社会资本和金融资本的正向影响。结论 从物质资本、社会资本、金融资本等方面加强农户资本禀赋积累，以促进水稻生产方式绿色转型。

IMPACT OF FARMERS' CAPITAL ENDOWMENT ON ECO-EFFICIENCY OF RICE PRODUCTIONA CASE STUDY OF HUBEI PROVINCE

Farmers'' capital endowment constraints exert a significant impact on eco-efficiency of rice production. This paper analyzed impact of paddy farmers'' capital endowment on eco-efficiency based on households survey data in Hubei province in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River. Firstly, the Life Cycle Assessment method was used to quantitatively analyze relevant environmental impacts within the rice production boundary. Then, super efficiency SBM model was explored to assess eco-efficiency, and followed farmers'' capital level analysis by using the Entropy Method. Finally, Tobit and OLS models were employed to test impact of comprehensive capital and categorized capital endowments on eco-efficiency. The results showed that: (1) There were significant differences of capital endowment level among paddy farmers, and they could be sorted from high to low as follows: human capital (0.37)>social capital (0.17)>financial capital (0.16)>material capital (0.14)>natural capital (0.10). The proportion of paddy farmers with strong capital was lower than those with weak capital regardless of the comprehensive capital endowment or categorized capital endowments. (2) Aggregate life cycle environmental impact index of rice system was 2.10, and the mean value of eco-efficiency was 0.64. (3) Comprehensive capital endowment had a significant positive impact on rice eco-efficiency, and it was mainly as a result of categorized material capital, social capital and financial capital. Thus some suggestions are put forward to strengthen farmers'' capital endowment accumulation in terms of material capital, social capital, and financial capital, so as to promote the green rice production.