日本农村养老保险制度的解读及启示

1961年日本国民年金制度建立,把农民纳入到了养老保险体系之中,在实现了 "全体国民皆年金"后,把国民年金变为各类年金的共通部分,解决了各种养老保险制度相互分立的问题,并逐步形成了独具特色多支柱立体化的保险制度.目前中国所面临的人口老龄化、城市化、城乡差距大等社会问题与当时日本很相似,因此日本农村养老保险制度建立和改革过程中的经验值得中国借鉴.

The interpretation and enlightenment of Japanese rural endowment insurance system

Since in 1961 when Japanese national annuity system was built, the peasants have been included in endowment insurance system. Japan realized national annuity, and turned national annuity into the common part of every kind of pension, and solves the problem of the independence of every kind of pension, and then has vertical endowment insurance system with the characteristics of the multiple-pillars. Currently, China faces the social problems such as population aging, urbanization, the big gap between the urban and the rural areas and so on, which is similar to the situation of Japan in 1961, thus, the experience in the process of founding and reforming the rural endowment insurance system of Japan has enlightenment on China.