高新技术企业认定对技术生态位的动态政策效应研究——来自高端装备制造业A股上市公司的经验证据

基于生态位理论,利用2008—2019年高端装备制造业A股上市公司2225个样本观测值,运用PSM-DID模型评估高新技术企业认定对企业技术生态位的政策效应。结果表明,认定政策对企业技术生态位“态”与“势”的促进效应具有动态长效机制,可显著提高企业当前技术创新能力和创新可持续发展潜力。其中,技术生态位“态”与“势”的历年政策效应存在以3年认定期限为周期的动态曲线变化;连续认定显著增强了认定政策对技术生态位“态”与“势”的促进作用;随着认定期限增加,认定政策对技术生态位“态”的正向影响呈倒U型变化趋势,而对技术生态位“势”的正向影响逐渐增强。从所有制异质性特征看,认定政策对国有企业技术生态位“态”与“势”的额外激励效应更强,但随着认定期限增加,有利于提升非国有企业当前技术创新能力。

Dynamic Effect of High-tech Enterprise Certification Policy on Technological Niche:Evidences from A-share Listed Companies in High-end Equipment Manufacturing Industry

Based on the theory of ecological niches,drawing on 2 225 sample observations of A-share listed companies in high-end equipment manufacturing industry from 2008 to 2019,PSM-DID model is used to analyze the effect of high-tech enterprise certification policy on technological niche of the enterprise. The results indicate that the certification policy has a dynamic long-term incentive effect mechanism on theecostate and ecoroleof technological niche, and significantly improves the current technological innovation ability and innovative sustainable development potential of the enterprise. The effects on the ecostate and ecorole of technological niche have a dynamic curve change around the three year cycle for certification. Continuous certification enhances the incentive effect of the policy on the ecostate and ecoroleof technological niche. With the certification period extending, the positive effect on the ecostate of technological niche presents an inverted U-shaped change trend, while the policy effect on the ecorole of technological niche is increasing gradually. Based on the heterogeneity feature, this study finds that the certification policy has a stronger additional incentive effect on technological niche of SOEs, but with the certification period extending, the policy can better mobilize the current technological innovation ability of non-state-owned enterprises.