制度距离与跨国合作创新绩效——文化严格程度的调节作用

国家间差异是影响跨国合作创新的关键因素，然而，已有文献较少涉及国家制度和文化差异影响研究。试图从国家制度和文化视角探讨国家间差异对跨国合作创新的影响。在区分正式制度距离与非正式制度距离的基础上，采用2005-2019年17个国家相互之间共同发明专利数据，实证分析两类制度距离对跨国合作创新绩效的影响，并进一步检验文化严格程度在这一影响过程中的调节作用。研究表明，正式制度距离和非正式制度距离均对跨国合作创新绩效具有显著负向影响；文化严格程度减弱了正式制度距离的影响，却增强了个人主义/集体主义和长期导向/短期导向两个维度上非正式制度距离的影响，但对其它维度和总体非正式制度距离影响的调节作用并不显著。结论不仅揭示了不同国家文化环境下制度距离对跨国合作创新绩效的影响机制，还可为各国制定跨国合作创新战略以及我国应对中美科技合作挑战提供理论指导和参考。

Institutional Distance and Performance of Cross-national Cooperative Innovation:Moderating Role of Cultural Tightness

The differences between countries are the key factors affecting cross-national cooperative innovation, however, there are few research referring to the influence of national institutional and cultural differences.This paper attempts to discuss the influence of differences between countries on cross-national cooperative innovation from the perspective of national institution and culture.Based on distinguished formal institutional distance from informal institutional distance, by using data on joint patent invention among 17 countries from 2005 to 2019, the effect of the two kinds of institutional distance on cross-national cooperative innovation performance is empirically analyzed, and the moderating role of cultural tightness in the influence process is further examined.The results show that the formal institutional distance and the informal institutional distance both have a significant negative impact on cross-national cooperative innovation performance, and the culture tightness reduces the effect of informal institutional distance, on the contrary, heightens the effect of the two dimensions of informal institutional distance including individualism/collectivism and long-term orientation/short-term orientation.Nevertheless, the moderating role of cultural tightness on the effect of the other dimensions and the overall informal institutional distance is not significant.The results not only reveal the influence mechanism of institutional distance on cross-national cooperative innovation performance in different cultural environments, but also provide theoretical guidance and reference for countries to formulate cross-national cooperative innovation strategies and for China to address the challenges of scientific and technological cooperation between China and the United States.