后发企业逆向创新多重障碍演化研究——“迈瑞”与“振华重工”的纵向案例分析

选取深圳迈瑞生物医疗电子股份有限公司和上海振华重工股份有限公司作为典型案例，借鉴扎根分析流程，梳理后发企业逆向创新障碍演化过程，揭示后发企业逆向创新障碍机理，即后发企业逆向创新过程中的障碍是多重的，且多重障碍间存在叠加效应；归纳破解后发企业逆向创新障碍的策略组合，提出后发企业逆向创新过程中应树立策略组合的观念，采取组合策略规避或破除障碍；强调后发企业尤其要关注创新回溯阶段的技术回溯升级障碍和法律规制抑制障碍，重视并适时确立前瞻型战略柔性策略，居安思危，提前作好应对发达国家技术规范和法律规制挑战的准备。

Research on Evolution of Multiple Barriers in Reverse Innovation of Latecomer Enterprises:Taking"MINDRAY"and"ZPMC"as Examples

Selecting MINDRAY and ZPMC as typical cases, this paper adopts grounded analysis method, investigates the evolution of reverse innovation barriers faced by the latecomer enterprises.The following findings are obtained: firstly, it reveals the reverse innovation barrier mechanism of latecomer enterprises, namely, there are multiple barriers in reverse innovation of latecomer enterprises, and there is a superposition effect among these barriers; Secondly, it summarizes the strategy combinations to break reverse innovation barriers of latecomer enterprises.The idea of strategy combination should be set up and the combination strategy should be adopted by latecomer enterprises to avoid or break through the barriers.Thirdly, it emphasizes that latecomer enterprises should pay special attention to the barriers of technology backtracking upgrade and Legal regulation inhibits in the backtracking stage, and establish proactive flexibility strategy in time to prepare for the challenges of technical specification and Legal regulation in developed countries.